CHAPTER 28-AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS Flashcards
1
Q
What is the term for a breakdown of the immune system’s ability to discriminate between self and nonself
A
Autoimmunity
2
Q
What is the term for a group of more than 80 serious chronic illnesses in which the immune system attacks the body’s own organs
A
Autoimmune disorders
3
Q
What is the term for immunoglobulins or cytotoxic T cells that display specificity for self antigens and contribute to disease
A
Autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells
4
Q
What is the term for persistent activation of immunologic effector mechanisms that alter the function and integrity of cells and organs in autoimmune disease
A
Chronic inflammation
5
Q
What is the term for antibodies that may be formed secondary to tissue damage or without evidence of clinical disease
A
Autoantibodies
6
Q
What is the term for immune correlates found in conditions such as blood transfusion reactions
A
Autoantibodies
7
Q
What is the term for immune response causing hemolytic disease of the newborn and graft rejection
A
Autoantibodies
8
Q
What is the term for immune response causing serum sickness
A
anaphylaxis
9
Q
What is the term for a disorder where both lesions and autoantibodies are directed at a single target organ
A
Organ-specific autoimmune disorder
10
Q
What is the term for a disorder characterized by localized lesions in a single organ and organ-nonspecific autoantibodies
A
Midspectrum autoimmune disorder
11
Q
What is the term for a disorder characterized by both lesions and autoantibodies not confined to any one organ
A
Organ-nonspecific autoimmune disorder
12
Q
What is the term for the abnormal interaction of T and B lymphocytes with autoantigens
A
Autoimmunity
13
Q
What is the term for the potential for autoimmunity present in every immunocompetent individual due to lymphocytes reactive with self antigens
A
Persistent autoreactive lymphocytes
14
Q
What is the term for the set of interacting factors that regulate antibody expression
A
Genetic factors; patient age; exogenous factors
15
Q
What is the term for the tendency for familial aggregates of autoimmune disease
A
Familial aggregation
16
Q
What is the term for the occurrence of more than one autoimmune disorder in the same individual
A
Multiple autoimmune syndrome
17
Q
What is the term for the increased frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in women compared to men
A
Sex bias in autoimmunity
18
Q
What is the term for the association of certain human leukocyte antigens with increased risk of autoimmune states
A
HLA association
19
Q
What is the term for the increase in autoantibody incidence with age
A
Age-related autoimmunity
20
Q
What is the term for exogenous factors that may play a role in autoimmune disorders
A
Ultraviolet radiation; drugs; viruses; chronic infectious disease
21
Q
What is the term for the alteration of antigens by exogenous factors leading to their recognition as nonself
A
Altered self antigens
22
Q
What is the term for the normal functioning of immunologic regulatory mechanisms that prevent autoimmunity
A
Immunoregulation
23
Q
What is the term for the formation of circulating immune complexes or binding to antigens deposited in specific tissue sites
A
Immune complex formation
24
Q
What is the term for the activation of complement by antigen-antibody complexes causing inflammation
A
Complement activation
25
What is the term for the direct attack of body cells by cytotoxic T cells bearing target antigen
T cell-mediated cytotoxicity
26
What is the term for the coating of cells by autoantibody and complement fragments leading to phagocyte destruction
Opsonization
27
What is the term for the development of an autoimmune response to antigens not normally circulating in the blood
Sequestered antigen theory
28
What is the term for the release of hidden antigens due to tissue damage
Exposure of sequestered antigens
29
What is the term for altered antigens arising from chemical
physical
30
What is the term for a foreign antigen shared with self antigens or tissue components
Cross-reactive antigen
31
What is the term for the mutation of immunocompetent cells to acquire a response to self antigens
Mutated lymphocyte response
32
What is the term for the loss of immunoregulatory function by T lymphocyte subsets
Loss of T cell regulation
33
What is the term for the infiltration by T lymphocytes inducing inflammation and tissue damage
Cell-mediated autoimmunity
34
What is the term for the production of autoantibodies with or without tissue damage
Autoantibody-mediated autoimmunity
35
What is the term for the attack on cell surface antigens or membrane receptors by autoantibodies
Autoantibody attack
36
What is the term for immune complex deposition in tissue causing complement activation and inflammation
Immune complex-mediated inflammation
37
What is the term for the requirement of antigen presentation by an antigen-presenting cell and MHC molecule for immune response
Antigen presentation and MHC restriction
38
What is the term for the lack of immune response to self antigens
Tolerance
39
What is the term for the process by which tolerance is initiated during fetal development
Central tolerance
40
What is the term for the process involving mature lymphocytes in the circulation
Peripheral tolerance
41
What is the term for the removal of T lymphocytes that respond strongly to self antigens in the thymus
Negative selection
42
What is the term for the selection of T cells with low-level MHC affinity for continued growth
Positive selection
43
What is the term for the elimination of immunocompetent cells programmed to react with self antigen
Burnet’s clonal selection theory
44
What is the term for the induction of unresponsiveness in immunocompetent cells through excessive antigen binding
Suppressor mechanism
45
What is the term for the modulation of immune response by antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific suppressor cell activity
Immune regulation
46
What is the term for the failure of lymphocytes to respond to self antigens
Immunologic tolerance
47
What is the term for the process that prevents autoimmunity by deleting autoreactive T and B cells during development
Central tolerance
48
What is the term for the process that controls autoreactive lymphocytes in the periphery
Peripheral tolerance
49
What is the term for the mechanism where T cells that recognize self antigens are eliminated in the thymus
Negative selection
50
What is the term for the mechanism where T cells with low affinity for self MHC are selected to survive
Positive selection
51
What is the term for the clonal deletion of autoreactive lymphocytes proposed by Burnet
Burnet’s clonal selection theory
52
What is the term for the suppression of immune responses by specific suppressor T cells
Suppressor mechanism
53
What is the term for the regulation of immune responses by antigen-specific and nonspecific suppressor cells
Immune regulation
54
What is the term for the process by which autoreactive lymphocytes are rendered unresponsive
Clonal anergy
55
What is the term for the role of regulatory T cells in maintaining tolerance
Active suppression of autoreactive T cells
56
What is the term for the cytokine produced by regulatory T cells that suppresses immune responses
Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
57
What is the term for the cytokine produced by regulatory T cells that inhibits antigen-presenting cells
TGF-beta (Transforming Growth Factor-beta)
58
What is the term for the failure of tolerance leading to immune attack on self tissues
Autoimmune disease
59
What is the term for the genetic susceptibility factor strongly associated with many autoimmune diseases
HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) haplotypes
60
What is the term for the environmental factors that may trigger autoimmunity
Infections; drugs; chemicals; ultraviolet radiation
61
What is the term for the molecular mimicry mechanism in autoimmunity
Cross-reactivity between microbial and self antigens
62
What is the term for the theory that self antigens are normally hidden but become exposed after tissue injury
Sequestered antigen theory
63
What is the term for the process where altered self antigens are recognized as foreign
Altered self antigen recognition
64
What is the term for the immune complexes formed by autoantibodies and self antigens causing tissue damage
Immune complex-mediated autoimmunity
65
What is the term for the autoimmune response mediated by autoreactive T cells causing tissue damage
Cell-mediated autoimmunity
66
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
67
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies stimulating the TSH receptor
Graves’ disease
68
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies against acetylcholine receptors
Myasthenia gravis
69
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination of CNS neurons
Multiple sclerosis
70
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by immune complex deposition in kidneys
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
71
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
72
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth
Sjögren’s syndrome
73
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of skin and internal organs
Systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma)
74
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by adrenal cortex destruction
Addison’s disease
75
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by insulin-producing beta cell destruction
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
76
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of gastric parietal cells
Autoimmune gastritis
77
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies against intrinsic factor leading to pernicious anemia
Pernicious anemia
78
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of the small intestine mucosa
Celiac disease
79
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic islets
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
80
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of neuromuscular junction receptors
Myasthenia gravis
81
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the central nervous system with demyelination
Multiple sclerosis
82
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by immune complex deposition causing systemic inflammation
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
83
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovial inflammation and joint destruction
Rheumatoid arthritis
84
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands causing dry eyes and mouth
Sjögren’s syndrome
85
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and vascular abnormalities affecting skin and internal organs
Systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma)
86
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of adrenal cortex leading to adrenal insufficiency
Addison’s disease
87
What is the term for the autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta cells causing insulin deficiency
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
88
What is the term for the antibody class that crosses the placenta and can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn
IgG
89
What is the term for the antibody class primarily involved in mucosal immunity
IgA
90
What is the term for the antibody class involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections
IgE
91
What is the term for the antibody class that is the first produced during primary immune response
IgM
92
What is the term for the antibody class that is the most abundant in serum
IgG
93
What is the term for the process by which antibodies change class without altering antigen specificity
Class switching
94
What is the term for the process by which B cells increase antibody affinity through mutation
Somatic hypermutation
95
What is the term for the complex of proteins that enhances phagocytosis and lyses pathogens
Complement system
96
What are the three pathways of complement activation
Classical pathway; Alternative pathway; Lectin pathway
97
What is the term for the complement component that opsonizes pathogens
C3b
98
What is the term for the complement components that act as anaphylatoxins
C3a and C5a
99
What is the term for the complex that forms pores in pathogen membranes causing lysis
Membrane attack complex (MAC)
100
What is the term for the major histocompatibility complex class that presents antigen to CD8+ T cells
MHC class I
101
What is the term for the major histocompatibility complex class that presents antigen to CD4+ T cells
MHC class II
102
What is the term for the professional antigen-presenting cells that activate naive T cells
Dendritic cells
103
What is the term for the T cells that coordinate immune responses by secreting cytokines
CD4+ T helper cells
104
What is the term for the T cells that kill infected or abnormal cells
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
105
What is the term for the cytokine that promotes T cell proliferation
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
106
What is the term for the cytokine that activates macrophages and promotes Th1 responses
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
107
What is the term for the cytokine that promotes Th2 responses and B cell class switching to IgE
Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
108
What is the term for the cytokine that inhibits macrophage activation and has anti-inflammatory effects
Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
109
What is the term for the immune response that occurs when the immune system attacks transplanted organs or tissues
Graft rejection
110
What is the term for the immune cells primarily responsible for graft rejection
Host T lymphocytes
111
What is the term for the type of graft rejection that occurs within minutes to hours
Hyperacute rejection
112
What is the term for the type of graft rejection that occurs days to weeks after transplantation
Acute rejection
113
What is the term for the type of graft rejection that occurs months to years after transplantation
Chronic rejection
114
What is the term for the process of matching donor and recipient human leukocyte antigens to reduce graft rejection
HLA typing
115
What is the term for the drugs used to suppress the immune response to prevent graft rejection
Immunosuppressive therapy
116
What is the term for the monoclonal antibody used to deplete T cells in transplantation
Rituximab
117
What is the term for the immunosuppressive drug that inhibits calcineurin
Tacrolimus
118
What is the term for the immunosuppressive drug that inhibits purine synthesis
Mycophenolate mofetil
119
What is the term for the immunosuppressive drug that alkylates DNA
Cyclophosphamide
120
What is the term for the process of immune tolerance induced to accept transplanted tissue
Induced tolerance
121
What is the term for the immune response against fetal red blood cells by maternal antibodies
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
122
What is the term for the antibody class that crosses the placenta and causes hemolytic disease of the newborn
IgG
123
What is the term for the test used to detect antibodies bound to red blood cells
Direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test)
124
What is the term for the test used to detect antibodies in serum against red blood cells
Indirect antiglobulin test
125
What is the term for the immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction causing vasculitis
Type III hypersensitivity
126
What is the term for the immune response causing serum sickness
Type III hypersensitivity
127
What is the term for the immune response causing Arthus reaction
Type III hypersensitivity
128
What is the term for the immune response mediated by T cells without antibody involvement
Type IV hypersensitivity
129
What is the term for the skin test used to detect delayed-type hypersensitivity
Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test)
130
What is the term for the immune cells involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity
CD4+ Th1 cells and macrophages
131
What is the term for the cytokine that activates macrophages in delayed-type hypersensitivity
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
132
What is the term for the immune response causing contact dermatitis
Type IV hypersensitivity
133
What is the term for the antigen-presenting cells involved in contact dermatitis
Langerhans cells
134
What is the term for the clinical manifestation of Type IV hypersensitivity on the skin
Induration and erythema
135
What is the term for the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions that blocks histamine receptors
Antihistamines
136
What is the term for the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions that reduces inflammation
Corticosteroids
137
What is the term for the monoclonal antibody used to treat severe allergic asthma by targeting IgE
Omalizumab
138
What is the term for the emergency medication used to treat anaphylaxis
Epinephrine
139
What is the term for the gradual introduction of allergens to build tolerance
Allergen immunotherapy
140
What is the term for the immune response in graft rejection mediated primarily by T cells
Cell-mediated immunity
141
What is the term for the process that involves matching donor and recipient HLA antigens to reduce rejection
HLA typing
142
What is the term for the immediate graft rejection caused by preformed antibodies
Hyperacute rejection
143
What is the term for graft rejection that occurs days to weeks after transplantation
Acute rejection
144
What is the term for graft rejection that occurs months to years after transplantation
Chronic rejection
145
What is the term for the immunosuppressive drug that inhibits calcineurin
Tacrolimus
146
What is the term for the immunosuppressive drug that inhibits purine synthesis
Mycophenolate mofetil
147
What is the term for the immunosuppressive drug that alkylates DNA
Cyclophosphamide
148
What is the term for the monoclonal antibody used to deplete B cells
Rituximab
149
What is the term for the process of immune tolerance induced to accept transplanted tissue
Induced tolerance
150
What is the term for the immune-mediated destruction of fetal red blood cells by maternal antibodies
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
151
What is the term for the antibody class that crosses the placenta and causes hemolytic disease of the newborn
IgG
152
What is the term for the test detecting antibodies bound to red blood cells
Direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test)
153
What is the term for the test detecting antibodies in serum against red blood cells
Indirect antiglobulin test
154
What is the term for the immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction causing vasculitis
Type III hypersensitivity
155
What is the term for the immune response causing serum sickness
Type III hypersensitivity
156
What is the term for the immune response causing Arthus reaction
Type III hypersensitivity
157
What is the term for the immune response mediated by T cells without antibody involvement
Type IV hypersensitivity
158
What is the term for the skin test used to detect delayed-type hypersensitivity
Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test)
159
What is the term for the immune cells involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity
CD4+ Th1 cells and macrophages
160
What is the term for the cytokine that activates macrophages in delayed-type hypersensitivity
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
161
What is the term for the immune response causing contact dermatitis
Type IV hypersensitivity
162
What is the term for the antigen-presenting cells involved in contact dermatitis
Langerhans cells
163
What is the term for the clinical manifestation of Type IV hypersensitivity on the skin
Induration and erythema
164
What is the term for the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions that blocks histamine receptors
Antihistamines
165
What is the term for the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions that reduces inflammation
Corticosteroids
166
What is the term for the monoclonal antibody used to treat severe allergic asthma by targeting IgE
Omalizumab
167
What is the term for the emergency medication used to treat anaphylaxis
Epinephrine
168
What is the term for the gradual introduction of allergens to build tolerance
Allergen immunotherapy
169
What is the term for the immune response that involves antibody-mediated cell destruction
Type II hypersensitivity
170
What is the term for the immune response that involves immune complex deposition and inflammation
Type III hypersensitivity
171
What is the term for the immune response that involves T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and delayed hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
172
What is the term for the antibody that binds to allergens and triggers mast cell degranulation
IgE
173
What is the term for the cells that release histamine and other mediators in Type I hypersensitivity
Mast cells and basophils
174
What is the term for the chemical mediator that increases vascular permeability and causes smooth muscle contraction
Histamine
175
What is the term for the reaction characterized by localized immune complex deposition causing tissue injury
Arthus reaction
176
What is the term for the systemic immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
Serum sickness
177
What is the term for the test that detects IgG or complement bound to red blood cells
Direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test)
178
What is the term for the test that detects circulating antibodies in serum
Indirect antiglobulin test
179
What is the term for the skin test that identifies delayed hypersensitivity reactions
Patch test
180
What is the term for the treatment that blocks histamine receptors to reduce allergic symptoms
Antihistamines
181
What is the term for medications that reduce inflammation in allergic reactions
Corticosteroids
182
What is the term for drugs that stabilize mast cells to prevent degranulation
Cromolyn sodium
183
What is the term for the monoclonal antibody used to treat severe allergic asthma by targeting IgE
Omalizumab
184
What is the term for the emergency medication used to treat anaphylaxis
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
185
What is the term for the gradual introduction of allergens to induce immune tolerance
Allergen immunotherapy
186
What is the term for the immune tolerance induced by regulatory T cells
Peripheral tolerance
187
What is the term for the process of central tolerance
Deletion of autoreactive T and B cells during development in thymus and bone marrow
188
What is the term for the immune checkpoint molecules that regulate T cell activation
CTLA-4 and PD-1
189
What is the term for the therapeutic blockade of immune checkpoints to enhance immune response
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy
190
What is the term for the adverse autoimmune-like effects caused by checkpoint inhibitors
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs)
191
What is the term for the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting TNF-alpha in autoimmune diseases
Anti-TNF therapy
192
What are examples of anti-TNF agents
Infliximab; Adalimumab; Etanercept
193
What is the term for the immunosuppressive drug that inhibits calcineurin
Tacrolimus or Cyclosporine
194
What is the term for the immunosuppressive drug that inhibits purine synthesis
Mycophenolate mofetil
195
What is the term for the immunosuppressive drug that alkylates DNA
Cyclophosphamide
196
What is the term for the monoclonal antibody targeting CD20 on B cells
Rituximab
197
What is the term for the therapeutic plasma exchange used to remove pathogenic antibodies
Plasmapheresis
198
What are the main types of autoimmune disorders based on tissue reactivity
Organ-specific; Midspectrum; Organ-nonspecific
199
In what type of autoimmune disorder are both the lesions and autoantibodies directed at a single target organ
Organ-specific disorder
200
In what type of autoimmune disorder are lesions localized in a single organ
but autoantibodies are organ-nonspecific
201
In what type of autoimmune disorder are both the lesions and autoantibodies not confined to any one organ
Organ-nonspecific disorder
202
What are examples of organ-specific disorders
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis; Type 1 diabetes; Addison’s disease; Pernicious anemia
203
What are examples of organ-nonspecific disorders
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
204
What is the main target of inflammatory cell infiltration in primary biliary cirrhosis
Small bile duct
205
What type of autoantibodies are mainly found in primary biliary cirrhosis
Mitochondrial antibodies
206
What kind of autoimmune disorders is characterized by overlapping clinical and serologic features involving multiple organs
Midspectrum disorders
207
Which organ-specific disorders often have clinical and serologic overlap
Thyroid; stomach; adrenal glands; kidney
208
What type of disorders show an overlap of SLE; RA; and other connective tissue disorders
Organ-nonspecific disorders
209
What are some similarities between organ-specific and organ-nonspecific disorders
Circulating autoantibodies react with normal body constituents; Increased immunoglobulin concentration in serum; Antibodies may appear in each of the main immunoglobulin classes; Disease process not always progressive; exacerbations and remissions occur; Autoantibody tests of diagnostic value
210
How do antibodies and lesions differ between organ-specific and organ-nonspecific disorders
Antibodies and lesions are organ-specific in organ-specific disorders; Antibodies and lesions are organ-nonspecific in organ-nonspecific disorders
211
How do familial tendencies differ between organ-specific and organ-nonspecific disorders
Familial tendency to develop organ-specific autoimmunity in organ-specific disorders; Familial tendency to develop connective tissue disease in organ-nonspecific disorders
212
What type of abnormalities are questionable in immunoglobulin synthesis in relatives with organ-specific disorders
Questionable abnormalities in immunoglobulin synthesis in relatives
213
What type of lesions are caused by deposition of antigen-antibody (immune) complexes in organ-nonspecific disorders
Lesions caused by deposition of antigen-antibody (immune) complexes
214
What type of lesions are caused by lymphoid invasion and parenchymal destruction in organ-specific disorders
Lymphoid invasion; parenchymal destruction by questionable cell-mediated hypersensitivity or antibodies
215
What tendency exists in the organ in organ-specific disorders
Tendency to develop cancer in the organ
216
What tendency exists in organ-nonspecific disorders
Tendency to develop lymphoreticular neoplasia
217
What is the autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of thyroid follicular cells
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
218
What are the main autoantibodies found in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Antithyroglobulin; Antithyroid peroxidase (antimicrosomal) antibodies
219
What is the typical clinical presentation of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Hypothyroidism; goiter
220
What is the autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies stimulating the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor
Graves’ disease
221
What are the main autoantibodies found in Graves’ disease
Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)
222
What is the typical clinical presentation of Graves’ disease
Hyperthyroidism; exophthalmos
223
What is the autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of adrenal cortex cells
Addison’s disease
224
What are the main autoantibodies found in Addison’s disease
Antiadrenal cortex antibodies
225
What is the typical clinical presentation of Addison’s disease
Adrenal insufficiency; fatigue; hypotension
226
What is the autoimmune disease characterized by vitamin B12 deficiency due to intrinsic factor antibodies
Pernicious anemia
227
What are the main autoantibodies found in pernicious anemia
Antibodies against intrinsic factor and parietal cells
228
What is the typical clinical presentation of pernicious anemia
Megaloblastic anemia; glossitis; neurological symptoms
229
What is the autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
230
What are the main autoantibodies found in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Islet cell antibodies; insulin autoantibodies
231
What is the typical clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Hyperglycemia; polyuria; polydipsia
232
What is the autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of gastric parietal cells
Autoimmune gastritis
233
What are the main autoantibodies found in autoimmune gastritis
Antiparietal cell antibodies
234
What is the typical clinical presentation of autoimmune gastritis
Atrophic gastritis; vitamin B12 deficiency
235
What is the autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of small intestinal mucosa
Celiac disease
236
What are the main autoantibodies found in celiac disease
Antiendomysial antibodies; antigliadin antibodies
237
What is the typical clinical presentation of celiac disease
Malabsorption; diarrhea; weight loss
