Chapter 28 and 29 Flashcards
1
Q
layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface
A
Troposphere
2
Q
when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable
A
temperature inversion
3
Q
a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation
A
Greenhouse effect
4
Q
How are the Earth’s atmospheric layers divided?
A
Composition and temperature
5
Q
What gas makes up the majority of the Atmosphere? At what percent?
A
Nitrogen 78%
6
Q
What is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere? At what percent?
A
Oxygen 21%
7
Q
What is the 1% of the remaining gases called? What is it mainly?
A
Trace gases which is mainly Argon
8
Q
In the troposphere do temperature increases or decreases?
A
decreases
9
Q
What are the name of the atmospheric layer starting from bottom to top?
A
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere thermosphere exosphere
10
Q
Which is the O zone found in?
A
Stratosphere
11
Q
Does the temperature increase or decrease in the stratosphere
A
Increases
12
Q
Does temperature increase or decrease in the mesosphere?
A
decrease until in get to a higher level and it increases
13
Q
Do the Thermosphere and the exosphere temperature decrease?
A
Yes
14
Q
What percentage of solar radiation is absorb by Earth’s surface?
A
50%
15
Q
What percentage of is reflected off of Land and sea surface?
A
5%
16
Q
What percentage of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?
A
20%
17
Q
What percentage of solar radiation is reflective back by particles in the atmosphere?
A
25%
18
Q
what is the three basic cloud types
A
stratus
cumulus
cirrus
19
Q
Explain stratus clouds
A
Layer, sheet-like clouds associated with rain
20
Q
Explain cumulus clouds
A
puffy and occur in fair weather
21
Q
Explain Cirrus clouds
A
Wispy , high altitude clouds
22
Q
What are the step to the water cycle
A
Evaporation, transportation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration
23
Q
Narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air.
A
Jet Streams
24
Q
The apparent defection of an object due to Earth’s rotation
A
Coriolis Effect
25
A Large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout.
Air mass
26
Air masses interact in zones?
Weather fronts
27
How many jet stream are in the world?
4
28
how many pressure systems are there?
Two
Low pressure System
High pressure system
29
What is the low pressure system also know as?
a low (L)
30
What direction does a low pressure system flow?
Counterclockwise
31
What are some results of a low pressure system
cause air to rise clouds form and precipitation
32
What is a high pressure also known as?
A High (H)
33
Which way does a high pressure system flow?
Clockwise
34
What does a high pressure system cause
Air sinks to cause clear skies
35
What are the 4 weather fronts?
Cold front
warm front
stationary front
Occluded front
36
What causes a cold front?
Cold air forces warm upward in a fast and chaotic manner\
37
What kind of clouds does cold fronts make?
Cumulus clouds form
38
What is a cold fronts represented from the news?
blue triangles
39
How are warm fronts created?
Warm air rises gently above cold air
40
How are warm fronts represented by on the news?
Semi circles
41
How are stationary fronts created?
Cold and warm air masses meet together and neither advances
42
How are stationary fronts represented on the new
Semi circles and triangles with them alternating top to bottom?
43
How are Occluded fronts created?
Fast moving cold front takes over a warm fronts
44
How are Occluded fronts represented on the news
purple Semi circles and triangles
45
A strong climate that is strongly affected by the ocean.
Maritime climate
46
A climate that is not directly affected to the ocean
Continental climate
47
It blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, where the land is warmer that the water
Sea Breeze
48
The long term average of weather conditions
Climate
49
What is weather?
A day to day outside condition
50
What are the 5 sphere in earth surface?
```
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Cryosphere
```
51
What is the atmosphere?
The air around us
52
What is the biosphere?
everything organic
53
What is the hydrosphere
Liquid water
54
What is the Cryosphere?
Frozen water in snow ice and glaciers
55
What is the Lithosphere?
Earth's outermost layer
56
What is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location?
Latitude
57
Where is the solar radiation most intense on earth?
Equator
58
What degrees do the sun rays hit earth surface on the Tropic zone?
90 degrees
59
What degrees do the sun rays hit earth's surface at the temperate zone
45 degrees
60
What degrees do the sun rays on Earth's surface in the polar zones?
30 degrees
61
What zone are we located?
Temperate zone
62
What other factor that determine climate?
Mountains
Precipitation
Water
63
What is the windward side like on a mountain Range?
There is a lot of vegetation
64
How is the leeward side on a mountain range
Warm
Dry
Little to no vegetation
65
What is a land breeze?
Happens at night, away form the land and colder water
66
Which climate zone and what vegetation does Lamar Colorado have
Warm and semi arid
| Grassland
67
An increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface and ocean?
Global Warming
68
The warning if the pacific ocean off the coast of the western south America that occurs every 3 to 10 years?
El Nino
69
Occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal?
La Nina
70
What are two climate changes that the earth undergoes?
Seasonal and long-term changes
71
How do seasonal changes happen?
Revolving around the sun
72
Which hemisphere is in summer?
The one that tilted to the sun
73
What was the period of time when There was ice on earth's surface?
Ice Age
74
How long ago did the world reach it's current pattern
3,000 years ago
75
What are some factor that cause climate change?
Earth's Axis, shape of orbit, Timing of the seasons
76
How do humans create Climate change?
Constitution, deforestation, industrial, and agricultural practice
77
What is deforestation
When clearing large areas of forest land
78
How do deforestation cause climate to increase?
With fewer trees, more Co2 is release
79
What is the two was do the carbon cycle affected?
Deforestation and loss of vegetation
80
A Round, three dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions?
Sphere
81
An elongated, closed curve with two foci?
Ellipse
82
Is earth a perfect sphere?
No, because of the diameter of the equator is longer
83
What are some ancient observation that the earth is a sphere?
object fall straight down
shadow on earth on the moon
every part of the world we see different stars
84
What are two things that affect gravitational forces?
The one that has a greater mass if they're the same distance
| If they are the same size but close.
85
What does the magnetic field do for earth?
Protect us from harmful solar radiation from the sun
86
Which magnetic pole is in the north hemisphere?
South magnetic pole
87
Can these magnetic poles flip?
Yes
88
What degrees is earth axis?
11.7
89
what is the flip of the North and south Magnetic poles>
Magnetic reversal
90
How often do magnetic reversal occur?
200,000 years
91
When was the last magnetic reversal occur?
780,000 years
92
What is a magnetosphere?
Deflect harmful radiation from the sun
93
How are the Auroras created
Electrically Charged particles collide with other particles
94
What are the scientific name of the northern lights?
Aurora borealis
95
What are the scientific name of the southern lights?
Aurora australis
96
When is earth closes to the sun?
Early January about 147 million km away
97
When is earth farthest from the sun?
Early July about 152 million km away
98
An Area 15 degrees wide in which is the is the same?
Time Zones
99
The spinning Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn from the Earths North Pole and South pole?
Rotation
100
The motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun
Revolution
101
As The plane of Earths orbit around the sun
Ecliptic
102
When Earths rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun
Solstice
103
Earths rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to center the sun
Equinox
104
Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.
Babylonians
105
What is the symbol for degrees taken from
Babylonians symbol for the sun
106
A rise or fall in the ocean surface.
Tide
107
Reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth
Moon Phase
108
Occurs when the moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow on Earth
Solar Eclipse
109
Occurs when Earth passes between he Sin and the Moon and casts a shadow in the Moon.
Lunar Eclipse
110
The Dark colored flat, lava filled regions on the Moons surface.
Maria
111
A layer pf dusty lunar materials produce by collisions between asteroids and comets and the Moon.
Regolith
112
How many does the Earth spin in one day?
360 degrees
113
How many hours does the Earth take a full rotation?
24 hours
114
How many degrees does it take to the Earth to spin in a hour
15 degrees
115
What direction does the sun rise?
East
116
What direction does the sunset?
West
117
All time zone are the same time?
False They are modified to fit around cites, states, and country borders and other key states
118
How many time zone are there in the world?
24 Time Zones
119
What direction do you go to add hours to time?
East
120
What direction do you move to lose hours to the time?
West
121
What are the names of time zones?
```
Mountain Time
Eastern Time
Pacific time
Alaskan time
Central time
Hawaiian Time
```
122
What is a Solar day?
The Earth´s rotation from the sun in the sky from noon from one day to noon the next day.
123
What is a Sidereal day?
When a certain star rises above the horizon until the same star rises again
124
What are the two main reason for seasons?
The Axis tilt and how close the sun is to Earth.
125
Which two season have a solstice?
Summer and Winter
126
Which month is the summer solstice?
June
127
What month is the winter solstice?
December
128
Which two season are Equinox?
Spring and Fall
129
Which month is the Spring Equinox?
March
130
Which month is the fall Equinox??
September
131
What is the longest day of the year?
Summer solstice
132
What is the shortest day of the year?
Winter solstice
133
When are the days are almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?
During the Spring and fall equinox
134
How many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?
27.3 Days
135
A complete lunar phase cycle tales 29.5 days, what is this called?
Synodic month
136
Do we ever see the back side of the moon?
No
137
What causes a tide to rise or fall?
The gravitational pulls on the sun and the moon
138
What is the rise of sea level called?
High tide
139
After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level to drop?
about 6 hours
140
Which is father from Earth. the sun or moon?
Sun
141
Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earths tides?
Moon
142
How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?
The Sun. Earth , and the Moon are in a straight line
143
How are the sun,the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?
It is a 90 angle
144
What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?
The positions of the Moon, Sun and Earth relative to one another
145
When does a new moon occur?
When the moon is between the earth and the sun
146
How many phases of the moon are there?
8
147
What is the definition of waxing phases?
The illuminated portion of the moon becomes greater and greater every night
148
What is the definition to waning phases?
When the illuminated portion becomes less and less of the moon
149
What are the moon phases names?
```
New moon
Waxing crescent
1st Quarter
waxing gibbous
Full moon
Waning gibbous
3rd quarter
Waning crescent
```
150
Where is the word month derived from?
The same root word as Moon
151
How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?
Sun
Moon
Earth
152
What is an umbra?
The darkest portion of the moons shadow
153
What is a penumbra?
The lighter shadow of the moon on earth
154
How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?
Sun
Earth
Moon
155
How are the depressions on the moon formed?
Meteorites
Asteroids
Comets
156
Are there mountains on the moon?
Yes
157
Which side of the moon is thicker?
The back side
158
Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?
Solid
159
What did the Clementine spacecraft do?
Confirmed the thickness of the crust
| Provided the mineral content on the moon
160
What did the Lunar Prospector do?
Photographs of the moon surface
Confirmed that the moon has a iron rich core
Collected evidents of water ice
161
What is the Giant Impact theory?
Mars sizes planet collided with earth
Causing debris to space
forming a large size mass called the moon
