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Physical Science > Chapter 28 and 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 and 29 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

Greenhouse effect

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4
Q

How are the Earth’s atmospheric layers divided?

A

Composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the Atmosphere? At what percent?

A

Nitrogen 78%

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6
Q

What is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere? At what percent?

A

Oxygen 21%

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7
Q

What is the 1% of the remaining gases called? What is it mainly?

A

Trace gases which is mainly Argon

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8
Q

In the troposphere do temperature increases or decreases?

A

decreases

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9
Q

What are the name of the atmospheric layer starting from bottom to top?

A 
Troposphere
Stratosphere 
Mesosphere
thermosphere
exosphere
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10
Q

Which is the O zone found in?

A

Stratosphere

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11
Q

Does the temperature increase or decrease in the stratosphere

A

Increases

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12
Q

Does temperature increase or decrease in the mesosphere?

A

decrease until in get to a higher level and it increases

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13
Q

Do the Thermosphere and the exosphere temperature decrease?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is absorb by Earth’s surface?

A

50%

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15
Q

What percentage of is reflected off of Land and sea surface?

A

5%

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16
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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17
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is reflective back by particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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18
Q

what is the three basic cloud types

A

stratus
cumulus
cirrus

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19
Q

Explain stratus clouds

A

Layer, sheet-like clouds associated with rain

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20
Q

Explain cumulus clouds

A

puffy and occur in fair weather

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21
Q

Explain Cirrus clouds

A

Wispy , high altitude clouds

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22
Q

What are the step to the water cycle

A

Evaporation, transportation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration

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23
Q

Narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air.

A

Jet Streams

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24
Q

The apparent defection of an object due to Earth’s rotation

A

Coriolis Effect

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25
Q

A Large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout.

A

Air mass

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26
Q

Air masses interact in zones?

A

Weather fronts

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27
Q

How many jet stream are in the world?

A

4

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28
Q

how many pressure systems are there?

A

Two
Low pressure System
High pressure system

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29
Q

What is the low pressure system also know as?

A

a low (L)

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30
Q

What direction does a low pressure system flow?

A

Counterclockwise

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31
Q

What are some results of a low pressure system

A

cause air to rise clouds form and precipitation

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32
Q

What is a high pressure also known as?

A

A High (H)

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33
Q

Which way does a high pressure system flow?

A

Clockwise

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34
Q

What does a high pressure system cause

A

Air sinks to cause clear skies

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35
Q

What are the 4 weather fronts?

A

Cold front
warm front
stationary front
Occluded front

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36
Q

What causes a cold front?

A

Cold air forces warm upward in a fast and chaotic manner\

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37
Q

What kind of clouds does cold fronts make?

A

Cumulus clouds form

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38
Q

What is a cold fronts represented from the news?

A

blue triangles

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39
Q

How are warm fronts created?

A

Warm air rises gently above cold air

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40
Q

How are warm fronts represented by on the news?

A

Semi circles

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41
Q

How are stationary fronts created?

A

Cold and warm air masses meet together and neither advances

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42
Q

How are stationary fronts represented on the new

A

Semi circles and triangles with them alternating top to bottom?

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43
Q

How are Occluded fronts created?

A

Fast moving cold front takes over a warm fronts

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44
Q

How are Occluded fronts represented on the news

A

purple Semi circles and triangles

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45
Q

A strong climate that is strongly affected by the ocean.

A

Maritime climate

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46
Q

A climate that is not directly affected to the ocean

A

Continental climate

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47
Q

It blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, where the land is warmer that the water

A

Sea Breeze

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48
Q

The long term average of weather conditions

A

Climate

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49
Q

What is weather?

A

A day to day outside condition

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50
Q

What are the 5 sphere in earth surface?

A 
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Cryosphere
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51
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

The air around us

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52
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

everything organic

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53
Q

What is the hydrosphere

A

Liquid water

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54
Q

What is the Cryosphere?

A

Frozen water in snow ice and glaciers

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55
Q

What is the Lithosphere?

A

Earth’s outermost layer

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56
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location?

A

Latitude

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57
Q

Where is the solar radiation most intense on earth?

A

Equator

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58
Q

What degrees do the sun rays hit earth surface on the Tropic zone?

A

90 degrees

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59
Q

What degrees do the sun rays hit earth’s surface at the temperate zone

A

45 degrees

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60
Q

What degrees do the sun rays on Earth’s surface in the polar zones?

A

30 degrees

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61
Q

What zone are we located?

A

Temperate zone

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62
Q

What other factor that determine climate?

A

Mountains
Precipitation
Water

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63
Q

What is the windward side like on a mountain Range?

A

There is a lot of vegetation

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64
Q

How is the leeward side on a mountain range

A

Warm
Dry
Little to no vegetation

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65
Q

What is a land breeze?

A

Happens at night, away form the land and colder water

66
Q

Which climate zone and what vegetation does Lamar Colorado have

A

Warm and semi arid

Grassland

67
Q

An increase in the average temperature of Earth’s near-surface and ocean?

A

Global Warming

68
Q

The warning if the pacific ocean off the coast of the western south America that occurs every 3 to 10 years?

A

El Nino

69
Q

Occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal?

A

La Nina

70
Q

What are two climate changes that the earth undergoes?

A

Seasonal and long-term changes

71
Q

How do seasonal changes happen?

A

Revolving around the sun

72
Q

Which hemisphere is in summer?

A

The one that tilted to the sun

73
Q

What was the period of time when There was ice on earth’s surface?

A

Ice Age

74
Q

How long ago did the world reach it’s current pattern

A

3,000 years ago

75
Q

What are some factor that cause climate change?

A

Earth’s Axis, shape of orbit, Timing of the seasons

76
Q

How do humans create Climate change?

A

Constitution, deforestation, industrial, and agricultural practice

77
Q

What is deforestation

A

When clearing large areas of forest land

78
Q

How do deforestation cause climate to increase?

A

With fewer trees, more Co2 is release

79
Q

What is the two was do the carbon cycle affected?

A

Deforestation and loss of vegetation

80
Q

A Round, three dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions?

A

Sphere

81
Q

An elongated, closed curve with two foci?

A

Ellipse

82
Q

Is earth a perfect sphere?

A

No, because of the diameter of the equator is longer

83
Q

What are some ancient observation that the earth is a sphere?

A

object fall straight down
shadow on earth on the moon
every part of the world we see different stars

84
Q

What are two things that affect gravitational forces?

A

The one that has a greater mass if they’re the same distance

If they are the same size but close.

85
Q

What does the magnetic field do for earth?

A

Protect us from harmful solar radiation from the sun

86
Q

Which magnetic pole is in the north hemisphere?

A

South magnetic pole

87
Q

Can these magnetic poles flip?

A

Yes

88
Q

What degrees is earth axis?

A

11.7

89
Q

what is the flip of the North and south Magnetic poles>

A

Magnetic reversal

90
Q

How often do magnetic reversal occur?

A

200,000 years

91
Q

When was the last magnetic reversal occur?

A

780,000 years

92
Q

What is a magnetosphere?

A

Deflect harmful radiation from the sun

93
Q

How are the Auroras created

A

Electrically Charged particles collide with other particles

94
Q

What are the scientific name of the northern lights?

A

Aurora borealis

95
Q

What are the scientific name of the southern lights?

A

Aurora australis

96
Q

When is earth closes to the sun?

A

Early January about 147 million km away

97
Q

When is earth farthest from the sun?

A

Early July about 152 million km away

98
Q

An Area 15 degrees wide in which is the is the same?

A

Time Zones

99
Q

The spinning Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn from the Earths North Pole and South pole?

A

Rotation

100
Q

The motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

A

Revolution

101
Q

As The plane of Earths orbit around the sun

A

Ecliptic

102
Q

When Earths rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun

A

Solstice

103
Q

Earths rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to center the sun

A

Equinox

104
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.

A

Babylonians

105
Q

What is the symbol for degrees taken from

A

Babylonians symbol for the sun

106
Q

A rise or fall in the ocean surface.

A

Tide

107
Q

Reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth

A

Moon Phase

108
Q

Occurs when the moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow on Earth

A

Solar Eclipse

109
Q

Occurs when Earth passes between he Sin and the Moon and casts a shadow in the Moon.

A

Lunar Eclipse

110
Q

The Dark colored flat, lava filled regions on the Moons surface.

A

Maria

111
Q

A layer pf dusty lunar materials produce by collisions between asteroids and comets and the Moon.

A

Regolith

112
Q

How many does the Earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees

113
Q

How many hours does the Earth take a full rotation?

A

24 hours

114
Q

How many degrees does it take to the Earth to spin in a hour

A

15 degrees

115
Q

What direction does the sun rise?

A

East

116
Q

What direction does the sunset?

A

West

117
Q

All time zone are the same time?

A

False They are modified to fit around cites, states, and country borders and other key states

118
Q

How many time zone are there in the world?

A

24 Time Zones

119
Q

What direction do you go to add hours to time?

A

East

120
Q

What direction do you move to lose hours to the time?

A

West

121
Q

What are the names of time zones?

A 
Mountain Time
Eastern Time
Pacific time
Alaskan time
Central time
Hawaiian Time
122
Q

What is a Solar day?

A

The Earth´s rotation from the sun in the sky from noon from one day to noon the next day.

123
Q

What is a Sidereal day?

A

When a certain star rises above the horizon until the same star rises again

124
Q

What are the two main reason for seasons?

A

The Axis tilt and how close the sun is to Earth.

125
Q

Which two season have a solstice?

A

Summer and Winter

126
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June

127
Q

What month is the winter solstice?

A

December

128
Q

Which two season are Equinox?

A

Spring and Fall

129
Q

Which month is the Spring Equinox?

A

March

130
Q

Which month is the fall Equinox??

A

September

131
Q

What is the longest day of the year?

A

Summer solstice

132
Q

What is the shortest day of the year?

A

Winter solstice

133
Q

When are the days are almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

During the Spring and fall equinox

134
Q

How many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?

A

27.3 Days

135
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle tales 29.5 days, what is this called?

A

Synodic month

136
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

No

137
Q

What causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

The gravitational pulls on the sun and the moon

138
Q

What is the rise of sea level called?

A

High tide

139
Q

After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level to drop?

A

about 6 hours

140
Q

Which is father from Earth. the sun or moon?

A

Sun

141
Q

Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earths tides?

A

Moon

142
Q

How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?

A

The Sun. Earth , and the Moon are in a straight line

143
Q

How are the sun,the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?

A

It is a 90 angle

144
Q

What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

The positions of the Moon, Sun and Earth relative to one another

145
Q

When does a new moon occur?

A

When the moon is between the earth and the sun

146
Q

How many phases of the moon are there?

A

8

147
Q

What is the definition of waxing phases?

A

The illuminated portion of the moon becomes greater and greater every night

148
Q

What is the definition to waning phases?

A

When the illuminated portion becomes less and less of the moon

149
Q

What are the moon phases names?

A 
New moon
Waxing crescent
1st Quarter
waxing gibbous
Full moon
Waning gibbous
3rd quarter
Waning  crescent
150
Q

Where is the word month derived from?

A

The same root word as Moon

151
Q

How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

Sun
Moon
Earth

152
Q

What is an umbra?

A

The darkest portion of the moons shadow

153
Q

What is a penumbra?

A

The lighter shadow of the moon on earth

154
Q

How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

Sun
Earth
Moon

155
Q

How are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

Meteorites
Asteroids
Comets

156
Q

Are there mountains on the moon?

A

Yes

157
Q

Which side of the moon is thicker?

A

The back side

158
Q

Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?

A

Solid

159
Q

What did the Clementine spacecraft do?

A

Confirmed the thickness of the crust

Provided the mineral content on the moon

160
Q

What did the Lunar Prospector do?

A

Photographs of the moon surface
Confirmed that the moon has a iron rich core
Collected evidents of water ice

161
Q

What is the Giant Impact theory?

A

Mars sizes planet collided with earth
Causing debris to space
forming a large size mass called the moon

Physical Science (5 decks)

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