Chapter 28 and 29 Flashcards
layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface
Troposphere
when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable
temperature inversion
a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation
Greenhouse effect
How are the Earth’s atmospheric layers divided?
Composition and temperature
What gas makes up the majority of the Atmosphere? At what percent?
Nitrogen 78%
What is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere? At what percent?
Oxygen 21%
What is the 1% of the remaining gases called? What is it mainly?
Trace gases which is mainly Argon
In the troposphere do temperature increases or decreases?
decreases
What are the name of the atmospheric layer starting from bottom to top?
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere thermosphere exosphere
Which is the O zone found in?
Stratosphere
Does the temperature increase or decrease in the stratosphere
Increases
Does temperature increase or decrease in the mesosphere?
decrease until in get to a higher level and it increases
Do the Thermosphere and the exosphere temperature decrease?
Yes
What percentage of solar radiation is absorb by Earth’s surface?
50%
What percentage of is reflected off of Land and sea surface?
5%
What percentage of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?
20%
What percentage of solar radiation is reflective back by particles in the atmosphere?
25%
what is the three basic cloud types
stratus
cumulus
cirrus
Explain stratus clouds
Layer, sheet-like clouds associated with rain
Explain cumulus clouds
puffy and occur in fair weather
Explain Cirrus clouds
Wispy , high altitude clouds
What are the step to the water cycle
Evaporation, transportation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration
Narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air.
Jet Streams
The apparent defection of an object due to Earth’s rotation
Coriolis Effect
A Large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout.
Air mass
Air masses interact in zones?
Weather fronts
How many jet stream are in the world?
4
how many pressure systems are there?
Two
Low pressure System
High pressure system
What is the low pressure system also know as?
a low (L)
What direction does a low pressure system flow?
Counterclockwise
What are some results of a low pressure system
cause air to rise clouds form and precipitation
What is a high pressure also known as?
A High (H)
Which way does a high pressure system flow?
Clockwise
What does a high pressure system cause
Air sinks to cause clear skies
What are the 4 weather fronts?
Cold front
warm front
stationary front
Occluded front
What causes a cold front?
Cold air forces warm upward in a fast and chaotic manner\
What kind of clouds does cold fronts make?
Cumulus clouds form
What is a cold fronts represented from the news?
blue triangles
How are warm fronts created?
Warm air rises gently above cold air
How are warm fronts represented by on the news?
Semi circles
How are stationary fronts created?
Cold and warm air masses meet together and neither advances
How are stationary fronts represented on the new
Semi circles and triangles with them alternating top to bottom?
How are Occluded fronts created?
Fast moving cold front takes over a warm fronts
How are Occluded fronts represented on the news
purple Semi circles and triangles
A strong climate that is strongly affected by the ocean.
Maritime climate
A climate that is not directly affected to the ocean
Continental climate
It blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, where the land is warmer that the water
Sea Breeze
The long term average of weather conditions
Climate
What is weather?
A day to day outside condition
What are the 5 sphere in earth surface?
Atmosphere Biosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Cryosphere
What is the atmosphere?
The air around us
What is the biosphere?
everything organic
What is the hydrosphere
Liquid water
What is the Cryosphere?
Frozen water in snow ice and glaciers
What is the Lithosphere?
Earth’s outermost layer
What is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location?
Latitude
Where is the solar radiation most intense on earth?
Equator
What degrees do the sun rays hit earth surface on the Tropic zone?
90 degrees
What degrees do the sun rays hit earth’s surface at the temperate zone
45 degrees
What degrees do the sun rays on Earth’s surface in the polar zones?
30 degrees
What zone are we located?
Temperate zone
What other factor that determine climate?
Mountains
Precipitation
Water
What is the windward side like on a mountain Range?
There is a lot of vegetation
How is the leeward side on a mountain range
Warm
Dry
Little to no vegetation
What is a land breeze?
Happens at night, away form the land and colder water
Which climate zone and what vegetation does Lamar Colorado have
Warm and semi arid
Grassland
An increase in the average temperature of Earth’s near-surface and ocean?
Global Warming
The warning if the pacific ocean off the coast of the western south America that occurs every 3 to 10 years?
El Nino
Occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal?
La Nina
What are two climate changes that the earth undergoes?
Seasonal and long-term changes
How do seasonal changes happen?
Revolving around the sun
Which hemisphere is in summer?
The one that tilted to the sun
What was the period of time when There was ice on earth’s surface?
Ice Age
How long ago did the world reach it’s current pattern
3,000 years ago
What are some factor that cause climate change?
Earth’s Axis, shape of orbit, Timing of the seasons
How do humans create Climate change?
Constitution, deforestation, industrial, and agricultural practice
What is deforestation
When clearing large areas of forest land
How do deforestation cause climate to increase?
With fewer trees, more Co2 is release
What is the two was do the carbon cycle affected?
Deforestation and loss of vegetation
A Round, three dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions?
Sphere
An elongated, closed curve with two foci?
Ellipse
Is earth a perfect sphere?
No, because of the diameter of the equator is longer
What are some ancient observation that the earth is a sphere?
object fall straight down
shadow on earth on the moon
every part of the world we see different stars
What are two things that affect gravitational forces?
The one that has a greater mass if they’re the same distance
If they are the same size but close.
What does the magnetic field do for earth?
Protect us from harmful solar radiation from the sun
Which magnetic pole is in the north hemisphere?
South magnetic pole
Can these magnetic poles flip?
Yes
What degrees is earth axis?
11.7
what is the flip of the North and south Magnetic poles>
Magnetic reversal
How often do magnetic reversal occur?
200,000 years
When was the last magnetic reversal occur?
780,000 years
What is a magnetosphere?
Deflect harmful radiation from the sun
How are the Auroras created
Electrically Charged particles collide with other particles
What are the scientific name of the northern lights?
Aurora borealis
What are the scientific name of the southern lights?
Aurora australis
When is earth closes to the sun?
Early January about 147 million km away
When is earth farthest from the sun?
Early July about 152 million km away
An Area 15 degrees wide in which is the is the same?
Time Zones
The spinning Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn from the Earths North Pole and South pole?
Rotation
The motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun
Revolution
As The plane of Earths orbit around the sun
Ecliptic
When Earths rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun
Solstice
Earths rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to center the sun
Equinox
Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.
Babylonians
What is the symbol for degrees taken from
Babylonians symbol for the sun
A rise or fall in the ocean surface.
Tide
Reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth
Moon Phase
Occurs when the moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow on Earth
Solar Eclipse
Occurs when Earth passes between he Sin and the Moon and casts a shadow in the Moon.
Lunar Eclipse
The Dark colored flat, lava filled regions on the Moons surface.
Maria
A layer pf dusty lunar materials produce by collisions between asteroids and comets and the Moon.
Regolith
How many does the Earth spin in one day?
360 degrees
How many hours does the Earth take a full rotation?
24 hours
How many degrees does it take to the Earth to spin in a hour
15 degrees
What direction does the sun rise?
East
What direction does the sunset?
West
All time zone are the same time?
False They are modified to fit around cites, states, and country borders and other key states
How many time zone are there in the world?
24 Time Zones
What direction do you go to add hours to time?
East
What direction do you move to lose hours to the time?
West
What are the names of time zones?
Mountain Time Eastern Time Pacific time Alaskan time Central time Hawaiian Time
What is a Solar day?
The Earth´s rotation from the sun in the sky from noon from one day to noon the next day.
What is a Sidereal day?
When a certain star rises above the horizon until the same star rises again
What are the two main reason for seasons?
The Axis tilt and how close the sun is to Earth.
Which two season have a solstice?
Summer and Winter
Which month is the summer solstice?
June
What month is the winter solstice?
December
Which two season are Equinox?
Spring and Fall
Which month is the Spring Equinox?
March
Which month is the fall Equinox??
September
What is the longest day of the year?
Summer solstice
What is the shortest day of the year?
Winter solstice
When are the days are almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?
During the Spring and fall equinox
How many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?
27.3 Days
A complete lunar phase cycle tales 29.5 days, what is this called?
Synodic month
Do we ever see the back side of the moon?
No
What causes a tide to rise or fall?
The gravitational pulls on the sun and the moon
What is the rise of sea level called?
High tide
After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level to drop?
about 6 hours
Which is father from Earth. the sun or moon?
Sun
Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earths tides?
Moon
How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?
The Sun. Earth , and the Moon are in a straight line
How are the sun,the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?
It is a 90 angle
What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?
The positions of the Moon, Sun and Earth relative to one another
When does a new moon occur?
When the moon is between the earth and the sun
How many phases of the moon are there?
8
What is the definition of waxing phases?
The illuminated portion of the moon becomes greater and greater every night
What is the definition to waning phases?
When the illuminated portion becomes less and less of the moon
What are the moon phases names?
New moon Waxing crescent 1st Quarter waxing gibbous Full moon Waning gibbous 3rd quarter Waning crescent
Where is the word month derived from?
The same root word as Moon
How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?
Sun
Moon
Earth
What is an umbra?
The darkest portion of the moons shadow
What is a penumbra?
The lighter shadow of the moon on earth
How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?
Sun
Earth
Moon
How are the depressions on the moon formed?
Meteorites
Asteroids
Comets
Are there mountains on the moon?
Yes
Which side of the moon is thicker?
The back side
Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?
Solid
What did the Clementine spacecraft do?
Confirmed the thickness of the crust
Provided the mineral content on the moon
What did the Lunar Prospector do?
Photographs of the moon surface
Confirmed that the moon has a iron rich core
Collected evidents of water ice
What is the Giant Impact theory?
Mars sizes planet collided with earth
Causing debris to space
forming a large size mass called the moon
