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Physical Science > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

A

Mineral

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2
Q

The color of a minerals in powdered form

A

Streak

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3
Q

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

A

Cleavage

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4
Q

Minerals that break with irregular surface exhibit

A

Fracture

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5
Q

The physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching

A

Hardness

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6
Q

Molten rock material inside earth

A

Magma

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7
Q

A mineral is?

A

Naturally occurring,inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

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8
Q

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?

A

Oxygen and Silicon

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9
Q

What does inorganic mean?

A

Materials that are not living

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10
Q

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a minerals?

A

How it breaks
how hard it is
The type of crystal shape

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11
Q

What are all of the ways to identify minerals?

A

Luster,Streak,Hardness,Cleavage,Crystal shape,fracture,Atomic arrangements

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12
Q

What are the two types of luster?

A

Metallic and non metallic

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13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light?

A

Very easily like crome on a car

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14
Q

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

A

Not easy shines like glass

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15
Q

how do you perform a streak test?

A

rub on a White porcelain tile

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16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

Cleavage

Fracture

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17
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the Hardness of a minerals?

A

Moh’s scale of Hardness

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18
Q

What is the number range on Mohs scale of Hardness?

A

1-10

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19
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

6

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20
Q

Minerals grow from the?

A

insideout

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21
Q

What are the 3 ways minerals can form?

A

Hot water
Molten rock
Evaporation

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22
Q

What are the two mineral groups?

A

Silicates

non silicates

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23
Q

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

A

Silicates

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24
Q

what elements are Silicates made of?

A

Silicon

oxygen

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25
Q

Non Silicates do not contain what element?

A

Silicon

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26
Q

What mineral is used to make glass?

A

Quartz

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27
Q

Define rock?

A

A naturally formed mixture containing

  1. minerals
  2. rock fragments
  3. volcanic glass
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28
Q

How are rocks identified?

A
  1. Composition

2. Texture

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29
Q

what does the texture of a rock describe about rock?

A
  1. size
  2. shape
  3. arrangement of components.
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30
Q

Where do intrusive igneous rock form?

A

within Earth’s crust

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31
Q

What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rock form from?

A

Magma

32
Q

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

A

Bowen’s reactions series

33
Q

What are the 3 types of magma?

A

Mafic
Intermediate
Felsic

34
Q

What magma type has a low silica content?

A

Mafic

35
Q

Which magma type has a high silica content?

A

felsic

36
Q

What type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?

A

continental crust

37
Q

Which type of crust has little to no quartz?

A

Deep Continental crust

Oceanic crust

38
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse gained texture?

A

Intrusive igneous rock

39
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

A

Extrusive igneous rock cools down fast

40
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

A

quickly

41
Q

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

A
  1. porphyritic

2. vesicular

42
Q

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling rates?

A

vesicular

43
Q

Which texture is the type with different crustal sizes because of different cooling rates

A

Porphyritic

44
Q

What types of rock has a vesicular texture?

A

Pumice

45
Q

Define clasts?

A

Small rock and mineral fragments

46
Q

What type of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to?

A
  1. water
  2. wind
  3. other forces
47
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

A

Move to another location

48
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

A

Being dropped off

49
Q

Define pore space?

A

Space found between clast

50
Q

Define compaction?

A

Clasts stay together due to weight on top of it

51
Q

Define Cementation?

A

Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts in the process.

52
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

They get compasted
water flows though the pore spaces
Causing sementation

53
Q

What is another name for clasts?

A

Detritus

54
Q

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

A

Detrital sedimentary rock

55
Q

What is the decreasing size of clasts?

A

Gravel
sand
silt
clay/mud

56
Q

What clast size would be deposited first?

A

gravel heavier material

57
Q

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?

A

Conglomerate
sandstone
silt-stone
shale

58
Q

How are chemical sedimentary rocks form?

A

Water that contains dissolved solids

mineral crystals precipitate out of a solution though evaporation

59
Q

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

A

Biochemical sedimentary rocks

60
Q

What are the 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

A

Limestone

Coal

61
Q

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?

A

Biochemical
chemical
detrital

62
Q

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of with three things?

A

Heat
pressure
chemical reaction

63
Q

What types of rock can be changed by metamorphism?

A

Igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

64
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

A

Regional metamorphism

65
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small areas?

A

Contact metamorphism

66
Q

When scale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?

A

slate

67
Q

What are the two types of metamorphic textures?

A

Folaited texture

Nonfoliated texture

68
Q

Define Folaited rocks

A

later and bands

69
Q

Define nonfolaited rocks

A

random orienation

70
Q

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based in which two things?

A

Texture

composition

71
Q

Define Rock Cycle

A

Continual change to a rock type to another

72
Q

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?

A

Sedimentary
igneous
metamorphic

73
Q

What are the three types of rocks?

A

Igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

74
Q

Which type of rock form from molten rock?

A

igneous

75
Q

Which type of rock formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

A

sedimentary

76
Q

What types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

A

metamorphic

77
Q

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

A

minerals

Physical Science (5 decks)

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