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Physical Science > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

A

Mineral

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2
Q

The color of a minerals in powdered form

A

Streak

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3
Q

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

A

Cleavage

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4
Q

Minerals that break with irregular surface exhibit

A

Fracture

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5
Q

The physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching

A

Hardness

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6
Q

Molten rock material inside earth

A

Magma

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7
Q

A mineral is?

A

Naturally occurring,inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

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8
Q

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?

A

Oxygen and Silicon

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9
Q

What does inorganic mean?

A

Materials that are not living

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10
Q

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a minerals?

A

How it breaks
how hard it is
The type of crystal shape

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11
Q

What are all of the ways to identify minerals?

A

Luster,Streak,Hardness,Cleavage,Crystal shape,fracture,Atomic arrangements

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12
Q

What are the two types of luster?

A

Metallic and non metallic

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13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light?

A

Very easily like crome on a car

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14
Q

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

A

Not easy shines like glass

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15
Q

how do you perform a streak test?

A

rub on a White porcelain tile

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16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

Cleavage

Fracture

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17
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the Hardness of a minerals?

A

Moh’s scale of Hardness

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18
Q

What is the number range on Mohs scale of Hardness?

A

1-10

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19
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

6

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20
Q

Minerals grow from the?

A

insideout

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21
Q

What are the 3 ways minerals can form?

A

Hot water
Molten rock
Evaporation

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22
Q

What are the two mineral groups?

A

Silicates

non silicates

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23
Q

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

A

Silicates

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24
Q

what elements are Silicates made of?

A

Silicon

oxygen

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25
Non Silicates do not contain what element?
Silicon
26
What mineral is used to make glass?
Quartz
27
Define rock?
A naturally formed mixture containing 1. minerals 2. rock fragments 3. volcanic glass
28
How are rocks identified?
1. Composition | 2. Texture
29
what does the texture of a rock describe about rock?
1. size 2. shape 3. arrangement of components.
30
Where do intrusive igneous rock form?
within Earth's crust
31
What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rock form from?
Magma
32
What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?
Bowen's reactions series
33
What are the 3 types of magma?
Mafic Intermediate Felsic
34
What magma type has a low silica content?
Mafic
35
Which magma type has a high silica content?
felsic
36
What type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?
continental crust
37
Which type of crust has little to no quartz?
Deep Continental crust | Oceanic crust
38
Which type of igneous rock has a coarse gained texture?
Intrusive igneous rock
39
Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?
Extrusive igneous rock cools down fast
40
Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?
quickly
41
What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?
1. porphyritic | 2. vesicular
42
Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling rates?
vesicular
43
Which texture is the type with different crustal sizes because of different cooling rates
Porphyritic
44
What types of rock has a vesicular texture?
Pumice
45
Define clasts?
Small rock and mineral fragments
46
What type of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to?
1. water 2. wind 3. other forces
47
What does it mean if clasts are being transported?
Move to another location
48
What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?
Being dropped off
49
Define pore space?
Space found between clast
50
Define compaction?
Clasts stay together due to weight on top of it
51
Define Cementation?
Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts in the process.
52
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
They get compasted water flows though the pore spaces Causing sementation
53
What is another name for clasts?
Detritus
54
What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?
Detrital sedimentary rock
55
What is the decreasing size of clasts?
Gravel sand silt clay/mud
56
What clast size would be deposited first?
gravel heavier material
57
What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?
Conglomerate sandstone silt-stone shale
58
How are chemical sedimentary rocks form?
Water that contains dissolved solids | mineral crystals precipitate out of a solution though evaporation
59
If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?
Biochemical sedimentary rocks
60
What are the 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?
Limestone | Coal
61
What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?
Biochemical chemical detrital
62
Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of with three things?
Heat pressure chemical reaction
63
What types of rock can be changed by metamorphism?
Igneous sedimentary metamorphic
64
What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?
Regional metamorphism
65
What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small areas?
Contact metamorphism
66
When scale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?
slate
67
What are the two types of metamorphic textures?
Folaited texture | Nonfoliated texture
68
Define Folaited rocks
later and bands
69
Define nonfolaited rocks
random orienation
70
Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based in which two things?
Texture | composition
71
Define Rock Cycle
Continual change to a rock type to another
72
Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?
Sedimentary igneous metamorphic
73
What are the three types of rocks?
Igneous sedimentary metamorphic
74
Which type of rock form from molten rock?
igneous
75
Which type of rock formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?
sedimentary
76
What types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?
metamorphic
77
What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?
minerals

Physical Science (5 decks)

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