Chapter 27.1 - 27.2 Flashcards
What is weathering?
The process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earth’s surface.
Do rocks weather at the same rate?
No, they weather at different rates.
What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?
Rock type and Landscape.
What are the two types of weathering?
Mechanical weathering and Chemical weathering.
What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?
Physical changes.
What type of change happens with chemical weathering?
Chemical changes.
What are the three specific types of mechanical weathering?
Frost wedging, Biological activity, and Collisions.
What causes frost wedging?
Water seeps into the cracks of rocks and then freezes.
What is the cycle called during frost wedging?
Freeze-Thaw Cycles.
What causes biological activity?
Plant and animal activity.
What causes weathering during collisions?
When rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers.
What is soil?
is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting life.
What is parent material?
Where soil forms from.
What are soil horizons?
The diffrerent layers of soil.
How many soil horizons are there?
There are 6 diffrent horizons.
True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon.
False
What are the specific soil horizons?
O, A,E,B,C,R
What does the first soil horizon contain?
O- Organic material.
What is the second horizon mostly made up of?
A- mostly minerals.
Which layer does leaching occur?
E
Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?
B- collects from above
Which layer is partially weathered bedrock?
C
Which layer is unweathered bedrock?
R
Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?
O and A
Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?
E and B
What are the two types of chemical weathering?
Oxygen and water.
What are chemical changes due to oxygen?
Oxidation.
What are chemical changes due to water?
Hydrolysis.
Which horizons make up true soil.
O.A,E,B
What is the diffrence between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is the breakdown of material, Erosion is the removal of material.
What happens to the speed of a river when the slope decreases?
The speed of the river decreases.
What are small streams that flow into larger rivers called?
Tributaries.
What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river?
Drainage Basin.
What is the disinct boundery that seperates distinct drainage basins?
Drainage divide.
When water flows down because of gravity and water erodes earths surface, what does it create?
Channels.
Young rivers create what type of shape due to fast movement?
V-shaped
What type of rivers are wide with smooth gentle slopes?
Mature rivers.
When rivers flood and drop their sedement load, what is that called?
Flood plain,
What are the fan shaped sediment deposits that form at the end of the river.
Deltas
What are the channles that branch off of Deltas?
Distributaries.
What forms when a river or stream inters dry land?
Alluvial Fans.
What are the two types of glaciers?
Valley and continental.
Where do valley glaciers form?
Form in high mountain regions.
Where do continental glaciers form?
Ice sheets that occupy large land areas in the colder climates.
Where are the two continental glaciers located?
Greenland and Antarctica.
What is a Cique?
Bowl shaped basin.
How do Arets form?
When two adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridgeline.
What is a horn within a mountain region?
Sharpened peaks.
What shape of valleys do valley glaciers create?
U shaped valleys.
What is a tributary glaciers?
Small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers.
What type of valleys do tributary glaciers create?
Hanging valleys.
On what side of the dune does erosion occurs.
Windword.
What side of the dune does deposition occur?
Leeward.
What is it called when the removal of small particles by wind leaveing behind bigger particals?
deflation.
Once all small particals are removed and theres only a hard surface is left called?
desert pavement.
What does the shape and sises of landforms due to wind depend on?
Wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply.
What are some landforms created by land erosion?
Coastal cliffs, Sea Arches, Sea stacks.
What are two examples of wave deposition?
Sand bars and sand spits.
What is a sand bar?
Landforms that are parallel to the shoreline.
What are sand spits?
Sandbars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward the land in a hook shape.
What can cause mass wasting.
snow, heavy rains, earthquakes, or even human activity.
What are examples of mass wasting?
Rocks Slides, Mudflows, Landslides.
