Chapter 27.1 - 27.2

Question 1

What is weathering?

Answer 1

The process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earth’s surface.

Question 2

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

Answer 2

No, they weather at different rates.

Question 3

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

Answer 3

Rock type and Landscape.

Question 4

What are the two types of weathering?

Answer 4

Mechanical weathering and Chemical weathering.

Question 5

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

Answer 5

Physical changes.

Question 6

What type of change happens with chemical weathering?

Answer 6

Chemical changes.

Question 7

What are the three specific types of mechanical weathering?

Answer 7

Frost wedging, Biological activity, and Collisions.

Question 8

What causes frost wedging?

Answer 8

Water seeps into the cracks of rocks and then freezes.

Question 9

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

Answer 9

Freeze-Thaw Cycles.

Question 10

What causes biological activity?

Answer 10

Plant and animal activity.

Question 11

What causes weathering during collisions?

Answer 11

When rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers.

Question 12

What is soil?

Answer 12

is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting life.

Question 13

What is parent material?

Answer 13

Where soil forms from.

Question 14

What are soil horizons?

Answer 14

The diffrerent layers of soil.

Question 15

How many soil horizons are there?

Answer 15

There are 6 diffrent horizons.

Question 16

True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What are the specific soil horizons?

Answer 17

O, A,E,B,C,R

Question 18

What does the first soil horizon contain?

Answer 18

O- Organic material.

Question 19

What is the second horizon mostly made up of?

Answer 19

A- mostly minerals.

Question 20

Which layer does leaching occur?

Answer 20

E

Question 21

Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?

Answer 21

B- collects from above

Question 22

Which layer is partially weathered bedrock?

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Which layer is unweathered bedrock?

Answer 23

R

Question 24

Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?

Answer 24

O and A

Question 25

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

Answer 25

E and B

Question 26

What are the two types of chemical weathering?

Answer 26

Oxygen and water.

Question 27

What are chemical changes due to oxygen?

Answer 27

Oxidation.

Question 28

What are chemical changes due to water?

Answer 28

Hydrolysis.

Question 29

Which horizons make up true soil.

Answer 29

O.A,E,B

Question 30

What is the diffrence between weathering and erosion?

Answer 30

Weathering is the breakdown of material, Erosion is the removal of material.

Question 31

What happens to the speed of a river when the slope decreases?

Answer 31

The speed of the river decreases.

Question 32

What are small streams that flow into larger rivers called?

Answer 32

Tributaries.

Question 33

What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river?

Answer 33

Drainage Basin.

Question 34

What is the disinct boundery that seperates distinct drainage basins?

Answer 34

Drainage divide.

Question 35

When water flows down because of gravity and water erodes earths surface, what does it create?

Answer 35

Channels.

Question 36

Young rivers create what type of shape due to fast movement?

Answer 36

V-shaped

Question 37

What type of rivers are wide with smooth gentle slopes?

Answer 37

Mature rivers.

Question 38

When rivers flood and drop their sedement load, what is that called?

Answer 38

Flood plain,

Question 39

What are the fan shaped sediment deposits that form at the end of the river.

Answer 39

Deltas

Question 40

What are the channles that branch off of Deltas?

Answer 40

Distributaries.

Question 41

What forms when a river or stream inters dry land?

Answer 41

Alluvial Fans.

Question 42

What are the two types of glaciers?

Answer 42

Valley and continental.

Question 43

Where do valley glaciers form?

Answer 43

Form in high mountain regions.

Question 44

Where do continental glaciers form?

Answer 44

Ice sheets that occupy large land areas in the colder climates.

Question 45

Where are the two continental glaciers located?

Answer 45

Greenland and Antarctica.

Question 46

What is a Cique?

Answer 46

Bowl shaped basin.

Question 47

How do Arets form?

Answer 47

When two adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridgeline.

Question 48

What is a horn within a mountain region?

Answer 48

Sharpened peaks.

Question 49

What shape of valleys do valley glaciers create?

Answer 49

U shaped valleys.

Question 50

What is a tributary glaciers?

Answer 50

Small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers.

Question 51

What type of valleys do tributary glaciers create?

Answer 51

Hanging valleys.

Question 52

On what side of the dune does erosion occurs.

Answer 52

Windword.

Question 53

What side of the dune does deposition occur?

Answer 53

Leeward.

Question 54

What is it called when the removal of small particles by wind leaveing behind bigger particals?

Answer 54

deflation.

Question 55

Once all small particals are removed and theres only a hard surface is left called?

Answer 55

desert pavement.

Question 56

What does the shape and sises of landforms due to wind depend on?

Answer 56

Wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply.

Question 57

What are some landforms created by land erosion?

Answer 57

Coastal cliffs, Sea Arches, Sea stacks.

Question 58

What are two examples of wave deposition?

Answer 58

Sand bars and sand spits.

Question 59

What is a sand bar?

Answer 59

Landforms that are parallel to the shoreline.

Question 60

What are sand spits?

Answer 60

Sandbars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward the land in a hook shape.

Question 61

What can cause mass wasting.

Answer 61

snow, heavy rains, earthquakes, or even human activity.

Question 62

What are examples of mass wasting?

Answer 62

Rocks Slides, Mudflows, Landslides.