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Physical Science > Chapter 27.1 - 27.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 27.1 - 27.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is weathering?

A

The process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earth’s surface.

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2
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

A

No, they weather at different rates.

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3
Q

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

A

Rock type and Landscape.

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4
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

Mechanical weathering and Chemical weathering.

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5
Q

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

A

Physical changes.

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6
Q

What type of change happens with chemical weathering?

A

Chemical changes.

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7
Q

What are the three specific types of mechanical weathering?

A

Frost wedging, Biological activity, and Collisions.

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8
Q

What causes frost wedging?

A

Water seeps into the cracks of rocks and then freezes.

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9
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

A

Freeze-Thaw Cycles.

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10
Q

What causes biological activity?

A

Plant and animal activity.

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11
Q

What causes weathering during collisions?

A

When rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers.

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12
Q

What is soil?

A

is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting life.

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13
Q

What is parent material?

A

Where soil forms from.

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14
Q

What are soil horizons?

A

The diffrerent layers of soil.

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15
Q

How many soil horizons are there?

A

There are 6 diffrent horizons.

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16
Q

True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon.

A

False

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17
Q

What are the specific soil horizons?

A

O, A,E,B,C,R

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18
Q

What does the first soil horizon contain?

A

O- Organic material.

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19
Q

What is the second horizon mostly made up of?

A

A- mostly minerals.

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20
Q

Which layer does leaching occur?

A

E

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21
Q

Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?

A

B- collects from above

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22
Q

Which layer is partially weathered bedrock?

A

C

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23
Q

Which layer is unweathered bedrock?

A

R

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24
Q

Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?

A

O and A

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25
Q

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

A

E and B

26
Q

What are the two types of chemical weathering?

A

Oxygen and water.

27
Q

What are chemical changes due to oxygen?

A

Oxidation.

28
Q

What are chemical changes due to water?

A

Hydrolysis.

29
Q

Which horizons make up true soil.

A

O.A,E,B

30
Q

What is the diffrence between weathering and erosion?

A

Weathering is the breakdown of material, Erosion is the removal of material.

31
Q

What happens to the speed of a river when the slope decreases?

A

The speed of the river decreases.

32
Q

What are small streams that flow into larger rivers called?

A

Tributaries.

33
Q

What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river?

A

Drainage Basin.

34
Q

What is the disinct boundery that seperates distinct drainage basins?

A

Drainage divide.

35
Q

When water flows down because of gravity and water erodes earths surface, what does it create?

A

Channels.

36
Q

Young rivers create what type of shape due to fast movement?

A

V-shaped

37
Q

What type of rivers are wide with smooth gentle slopes?

A

Mature rivers.

38
Q

When rivers flood and drop their sedement load, what is that called?

A

Flood plain,

39
Q

What are the fan shaped sediment deposits that form at the end of the river.

A

Deltas

40
Q

What are the channles that branch off of Deltas?

A

Distributaries.

41
Q

What forms when a river or stream inters dry land?

A

Alluvial Fans.

42
Q

What are the two types of glaciers?

A

Valley and continental.

43
Q

Where do valley glaciers form?

A

Form in high mountain regions.

44
Q

Where do continental glaciers form?

A

Ice sheets that occupy large land areas in the colder climates.

45
Q

Where are the two continental glaciers located?

A

Greenland and Antarctica.

46
Q

What is a Cique?

A

Bowl shaped basin.

47
Q

How do Arets form?

A

When two adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridgeline.

48
Q

What is a horn within a mountain region?

A

Sharpened peaks.

49
Q

What shape of valleys do valley glaciers create?

A

U shaped valleys.

50
Q

What is a tributary glaciers?

A

Small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers.

51
Q

What type of valleys do tributary glaciers create?

A

Hanging valleys.

52
Q

On what side of the dune does erosion occurs.

A

Windword.

53
Q

What side of the dune does deposition occur?

A

Leeward.

54
Q

What is it called when the removal of small particles by wind leaveing behind bigger particals?

A

deflation.

55
Q

Once all small particals are removed and theres only a hard surface is left called?

A

desert pavement.

56
Q

What does the shape and sises of landforms due to wind depend on?

A

Wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply.

57
Q

What are some landforms created by land erosion?

A

Coastal cliffs, Sea Arches, Sea stacks.

58
Q

What are two examples of wave deposition?

A

Sand bars and sand spits.

59
Q

What is a sand bar?

A

Landforms that are parallel to the shoreline.

60
Q

What are sand spits?

A

Sandbars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward the land in a hook shape.

61
Q

What can cause mass wasting.

A

snow, heavy rains, earthquakes, or even human activity.

62
Q

What are examples of mass wasting?

A

Rocks Slides, Mudflows, Landslides.

Physical Science (8 decks)

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