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Physical Science > Chapter 26.1 vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 26.1 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

The naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.

A

Mineral

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2
Q

The color of a mineral in powdered form.

A

Streak

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3
Q

when a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides.

A

Cleavage

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4
Q

Minerals that break with irregular surfaces.

A

Fracture

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5
Q

The physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching.

A

Hardness

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6
Q

Molten rock material inside Earth.

A

Magma

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7
Q

A mineral is _________,__________, and _______.

A

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid, has a crystalline form.

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8
Q

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?

A

Oxygen and Silicon

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9
Q

What does inorganic mean?

A

Materials that are non living

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10
Q

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

A

How it breaks, how hard it is, and its crystal shape

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11
Q

What are all of the ways to identify minerals?

A

Luster, streak, hardness, atomic arrangement, cleavage, fracture, Crystal shape.

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12
Q

What are the two types of luster?

A

Metallic and nonmetallic

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13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light?

A

Reflects light easy like chrome on a car

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14
Q

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

A

Not as easy, more like glass or appears earthy or waxy

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15
Q

How do you perform a streak test?

A

By rubbing the mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile

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16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

Cleavage and fracture

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17
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

Mohs scale of hardness

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18
Q

What is the number range on Mohs scale of hardness

A

1 through 10

19
Q

How many diffrent crystal shape systems are there?

A

There are six diffrent shapes

20
Q

Minerals grow from the _________.

A

A mineral grows from the inside and grow out

21
Q

What are the 3 ways minerals can form?

A

Hot water, Molten rock, Evaperation.

22
Q

what are the two mineral groups?

A

Silicates and Nonsilicates

23
Q

What mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

A

Silicates

24
Q

What elements are Silicates made up of?

A

Oxegen and sillicon

25
Q

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

A

Silicon

26
Q

What mineral is used to make glass?

A

Quartz

27
Q

What is the definition of rock?

A

A naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass

28
Q

How are rocks identified?

A

compisition and texture

29
Q

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

A

Size, shape, and the arangment of the rocks components

30
Q

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

A

Within the earths crust

31
Q

What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

A

Magma

32
Q

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

A

Bowen’s reaction series

33
Q

What are the 3 types of magma?

A

mafic, intermediate, felsic

34
Q

Which magma type has a low silica content?

A

mafic

35
Q

Which magma type has a high silica content?

A

Felsic

36
Q

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?

A

Continental crust

37
Q

Which type of crust has little to no quartz?

A

Oceanic crust or deep continental

38
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

A

Intrusive igneous rock

39
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

A

extrusive igneous rock

40
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

A

Quickly

41
Q

What are the two specific texture types for extusive igneous rocks?

A

vesicular, and porphyritic

42
Q

which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

A

Vesicular

43
Q

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

A

Porphyritic

44
Q

What type of rock has a vesicular texture?

A

pumice

Physical Science (8 decks)

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