Chapter 26.1 vocab Flashcards
The naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.
Mineral
The color of a mineral in powdered form.
Streak
when a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides.
Cleavage
Minerals that break with irregular surfaces.
Fracture
The physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching.
Hardness
Molten rock material inside Earth.
Magma
A mineral is _________,__________, and _______.
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid, has a crystalline form.
What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?
Oxygen and Silicon
What does inorganic mean?
Materials that are non living
What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?
How it breaks, how hard it is, and its crystal shape
What are all of the ways to identify minerals?
Luster, streak, hardness, atomic arrangement, cleavage, fracture, Crystal shape.
What are the two types of luster?
Metallic and nonmetallic
How does metallic luster reflect light?
Reflects light easy like chrome on a car
How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?
Not as easy, more like glass or appears earthy or waxy
How do you perform a streak test?
By rubbing the mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile
What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
Cleavage and fracture
What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
Mohs scale of hardness
What is the number range on Mohs scale of hardness
1 through 10
How many diffrent crystal shape systems are there?
There are six diffrent shapes
Minerals grow from the _________.
A mineral grows from the inside and grow out
What are the 3 ways minerals can form?
Hot water, Molten rock, Evaperation.
what are the two mineral groups?
Silicates and Nonsilicates
What mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?
Silicates
What elements are Silicates made up of?
Oxegen and sillicon
Nonsilicates do not contain what element?
Silicon
What mineral is used to make glass?
Quartz
What is the definition of rock?
A naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass
How are rocks identified?
compisition and texture
What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?
Size, shape, and the arangment of the rocks components
Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
Within the earths crust
What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?
Magma
What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?
Bowen’s reaction series
What are the 3 types of magma?
mafic, intermediate, felsic
Which magma type has a low silica content?
mafic
Which magma type has a high silica content?
Felsic
Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?
Continental crust
Which type of crust has little to no quartz?
Oceanic crust or deep continental
Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?
Intrusive igneous rock
Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?
extrusive igneous rock
Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?
Quickly
What are the two specific texture types for extusive igneous rocks?
vesicular, and porphyritic
which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?
Vesicular
Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?
Porphyritic
What type of rock has a vesicular texture?
pumice
