Chapter 27.1-27.2 Flashcards
The process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials of earth surface.
Weathering
Mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water,and air that is capable of supporting plat lifes.
Soil
The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.
Erosion
Rocks weather, erosional agent like water, ice, wind, and gravity.
Sediment Transport
It drops this sediment load in a process.
Deposition
Land and area that gathers water for a major river.
Drainage Basin
Movement of water parallel to the shoreline.
Longshore Current
What is weathering
The process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earth.
do rocks weather at the same rate
No
What are the 2 main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather.
rock type and landscape
What are the 2 types of weathering?
Mechanical and Chemical
What type of change happens with mechanical weathering
Physical changes
What type of change happens with chemical weathering
Chemical changess
What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering
frost wedging , biological activity and collision.
What causes frost wedging
Cracks rock the freezes
What is the cycle called during frost wedging
The rock will break apart
What causes weathering during collisions
Plant and animal activity
what causes weathering during collisions
When rocks fall from cliff
What is parent material
The material soil horizons
What are soil horizons
Different layers of soil
How many soil horizons are there
There can be up to 6
True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon
False
What are specific soil horizons
O A E B C R
What does the 1st soil horizon contian
organic material
What is the 2nd horizon mostly made up of?
Minerals
Which layer does leaching occur
E
Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons.
Horizon B
Which layer is partially weathered bedrock
Horizon C
Which layer is unweathered bedrock
Horizon R
Which soil horizons make up the topsoil.
Horizon O and A
Which soil horizon makes up the subsoil.
Horizon E and B
what are the two types of chemical weathering
oxygen and water
What are chemical changes due to oxygen
oxydation
What are chemical changes due to water
Hydrolossis
which horizons make up the true soil
Horizon O A E B
What is the difference between weathering and erosion.
Weathering is the break down of materials and erosion is surface material.
What happens to the speed of the river.
What are large streams that flow into larger river.
Tributaries
What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river.
Drainage Basin
What is a distinct drainage boundary called.
Drainage Divide
When water flows downhill due to gravity, water erodes earth surface creating?
Channels
Young rivers create what type of shape due to fast movement,
V-shaped
What type are rivers are wide with smooth gentle slopes.
Mature
When rivers flood and drop their sediment load, flood plain form along the valley sides.
Flood Plains
What are the fan shape sediment deposit that forms the mouth of the river.
Deltas
What are the branching channels created by deltas.
Distributaries.
What forms when a river or stream into dry land.
Alluvial Fans
2 types of glaciers
valley glaciers and continental glacier
where do valley glaciers form.
High Mountainous regions
where do continental form
large land areas,cold climates
where are the two continental glaciers located
Greenland, Antarctica
what are cirque.
bowl shaped basin
where do arete from.
long, sharp rideline
sharpened peaks
What shapes of valleys do valley glaciers make
U-shaped valley
What is a tributary glacier
small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers
On which side of a dune, does erosion occur
Windward side
On which side of the dune does deposition occur
leeward side
The removal of small particles by wind, leaving heavier particles behind.
deflatation
When small particles are removed the remaining surface.
Desert Pavement
What does the shape and sizes of landforms due to wind depend on
wind speed
amount of time the wind blows
sediment supply
what are some landforms created by erosion.
coastal cliffs
sea stacks
sea arches
what are 2 examples of waves deeposition
sandbars and sand spits
what are 2 examples of waves deeposition
sandbars and sand spits
What is sandbar
Landforms that are parallel to the shoreline
what is a sandspit
kinda like sandbars but shaped like a hook
What can cause mass wasting
Snow
Heavy Rain
Human Activity
What can cause mass wasting
Snow
Heavy Rain
Human Activity
What are some examples of mass wasting
Rock slides
Mudflows
Landslides
