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Physical Science > Chapter 27.1-27.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 27.1-27.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials of earth surface.

A

Weathering

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2
Q

Mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water,and air that is capable of supporting plat lifes.

A

Soil

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3
Q

The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

A

Erosion

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4
Q

Rocks weather, erosional agent like water, ice, wind, and gravity.

A

Sediment Transport

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5
Q

It drops this sediment load in a process.

A

Deposition

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6
Q

Land and area that gathers water for a major river.

A

Drainage Basin

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7
Q

Movement of water parallel to the shoreline.

A

Longshore Current

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8
Q

What is weathering

A

The process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earth.

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9
Q

do rocks weather at the same rate

A

No

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10
Q

What are the 2 main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather.

A

rock type and landscape

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of weathering?

A

Mechanical and Chemical

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12
Q

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering

A

Physical changes

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13
Q

What type of change happens with chemical weathering

A

Chemical changess

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14
Q

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

A

frost wedging , biological activity and collision.

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15
Q

What causes frost wedging

A

Cracks rock the freezes

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16
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging

A

The rock will break apart

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17
Q

What causes weathering during collisions

A

Plant and animal activity

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18
Q

what causes weathering during collisions

A

When rocks fall from cliff

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19
Q

What is parent material

A

The material soil horizons

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20
Q

What are soil horizons

A

Different layers of soil

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21
Q

How many soil horizons are there

A

There can be up to 6

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22
Q

True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon

A

False

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23
Q

What are specific soil horizons

A

O A E B C R

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24
Q

What does the 1st soil horizon contian

A

organic material

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25
Q

What is the 2nd horizon mostly made up of?

A

Minerals

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26
Q

Which layer does leaching occur

A

E

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27
Q

Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons.

A

Horizon B

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28
Q

Which layer is partially weathered bedrock

A

Horizon C

29
Q

Which layer is unweathered bedrock

A

Horizon R

30
Q

Which soil horizons make up the topsoil.

A

Horizon O and A

31
Q

Which soil horizon makes up the subsoil.

A

Horizon E and B

32
Q

what are the two types of chemical weathering

A

oxygen and water

33
Q

What are chemical changes due to oxygen

A

oxydation

34
Q

What are chemical changes due to water

A

Hydrolossis

35
Q

which horizons make up the true soil

A

Horizon O A E B

36
Q

What is the difference between weathering and erosion.

A

Weathering is the break down of materials and erosion is surface material.

37
Q

What happens to the speed of the river.

A
38
Q

What are large streams that flow into larger river.

A

Tributaries

39
Q

What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river.

A

Drainage Basin

40
Q

What is a distinct drainage boundary called.

A

Drainage Divide

41
Q

When water flows downhill due to gravity, water erodes earth surface creating?

A

Channels

42
Q

Young rivers create what type of shape due to fast movement,

A

V-shaped

43
Q

What type are rivers are wide with smooth gentle slopes.

A

Mature

44
Q

When rivers flood and drop their sediment load, flood plain form along the valley sides.

A

Flood Plains

45
Q

What are the fan shape sediment deposit that forms the mouth of the river.

A

Deltas

46
Q

What are the branching channels created by deltas.

A

Distributaries.

47
Q

What forms when a river or stream into dry land.

A

Alluvial Fans

48
Q

2 types of glaciers

A

valley glaciers and continental glacier

49
Q

where do valley glaciers form.

A

High Mountainous regions

50
Q

where do continental form

A

large land areas,cold climates

51
Q

where are the two continental glaciers located

A

Greenland, Antarctica

52
Q

what are cirque.

A

bowl shaped basin

53
Q

where do arete from.

A
54
Q

long, sharp rideline

A

sharpened peaks

55
Q

What shapes of valleys do valley glaciers make

A

U-shaped valley

56
Q

What is a tributary glacier

A

small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers

57
Q

On which side of a dune, does erosion occur

A

Windward side

58
Q

On which side of the dune does deposition occur

A

leeward side

59
Q

The removal of small particles by wind, leaving heavier particles behind.

A

deflatation

60
Q

When small particles are removed the remaining surface.

A

Desert Pavement

61
Q

What does the shape and sizes of landforms due to wind depend on

A

wind speed
amount of time the wind blows
sediment supply

62
Q

what are some landforms created by erosion.

A

coastal cliffs
sea stacks
sea arches

63
Q

what are 2 examples of waves deeposition

A

sandbars and sand spits

63
Q

what are 2 examples of waves deeposition

A

sandbars and sand spits

64
Q

What is sandbar

A

Landforms that are parallel to the shoreline

65
Q

what is a sandspit

A

kinda like sandbars but shaped like a hook

66
Q

What can cause mass wasting

A

Snow
Heavy Rain
Human Activity

67
Q

What can cause mass wasting

A

Snow
Heavy Rain
Human Activity

68
Q

What are some examples of mass wasting

A

Rock slides
Mudflows
Landslides

Physical Science (8 decks)

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