Chapter 27: Male Reproductive System

Question 1

gametes

Answer 1

sex cells

Question 2

zygote

Answer 2

fertilized egg

Question 3

male and female gametes combine their genes to form

Answer 3

zygote

Question 4

parent producing sperm is considered

Answer 4

male

Question 5

parent with Y chromosome is

Answer 5

male

Question 6

sperm aka

Answer 6

spermatozoon

Question 7

embryo

Answer 7

egg (ovum)

Question 8

parent producing eggs considered

Answer 8

female

Question 9

primary sex organs (gonads)

Answer 9

• produce gametes
• testes, ovaries

Question 10

secondary sex organs

Answer 10

• organs other than gonads that are necessary for reproduction
• male: ducts, glands, penis delivers sperm cells
• female: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina receiving sperm

Question 11

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 11

• features that distinguish the sexes and influence mate attraction
• Develop at puberty

Question 12

secondary sex characteristics in both sexes

Answer 12

• Pubic and axillary hair
• scent sweat glands (APOCRINE)
• pitch of the voice

Question 13

male secondary sex characteristics

Answer 13

• Facial hair
• coarse and visible hair on the torso and limbs
• muscular physique

Question 14

female secondary sex characteristics

Answer 14

• Distribution of body fat
• breast enlargement
• finer, less body hair

Question 15

somatic cells

Answer 15

• 23 pairs of chromosomes (diploid)
• 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 16

sex cells (gametes)

Answer 16

• 22 Chromosomes + 1 sex chromosome (haploid)
• Males produce some Y-carrying sperm and some X-carrying sperm
• All eggs carry the X chromosome

Question 17

Sex of child determined by

Answer 17

male and type of sperm

Question 18

X-carrying sperm fertilizes the egg

Answer 18

fetus will be female

Question 19

Y-carrying sperm fertilizes the egg

Answer 19

fetus will me male

Question 20

Genital tubercle

Answer 20

becomes the head (glans) of the penis or glans clitoris

Question 21

Pair of urogenital folds

Answer 21

encloses male urethra helping to form the penis or forms the labia minora

Question 22

Pair of labioscrotal folds

Answer 22

becomes either scrotum or labia major

Question 23

what happens by week 12 of pregnancy?

Answer 23

either male or female genitalia are distinctly formed

Question 24

Male and female organs that develop from the same embryonic structure are

Answer 24

homologous

Question 25

The descent of the testes begins as early as

Answer 25

6 weeks

Question 26

cryptorchidism

Answer 26

- undescended testes - about 3% of boys

Question 27

Internal median septum

Answer 27

divides scrotum into right and left compartments

Question 28

Each compartment in the scrotum has

Answer 28

one testis and spermatic cord

Question 29

Superficial inguinal ring

Answer 29

inferior entrance to inguinal canal

Question 30

Deep inguinal ring

Answer 30

superior exit to pelvic cavity

Question 31

Within scrotum, spermatic cord passes through strips of internal oblique muscle called the

Answer 31

cremaster

Question 32

human testes reside in the

Answer 32

scrotum and are adapted to its cooler temp

Question 33

sperm production temp must be held at

Answer 33

about 35 degrees celsius

Question 34

cremaster role in regulating temp (heating)

Answer 34

- when its cold, cremaster contracts to hold testes closer to body - when warm, cremaster relaxes and testes further from body

Question 35

dartos fascia role in regulating temp (heating)

Answer 35

smooth muscle contracts when cold

Question 36

The pampiniform plexus (Cooling)

Answer 36

surrounds testicular artery; countercurrent blood flow removes heat from descending arterial blood, to be carried away by ascending venous blood

Question 37

endocrine glands in testes secrete

Answer 37

testosterone and other androgens

Question 38

exocrine glands in testes secrete

Answer 38

sperm

Question 39

testis structure

Answer 39

- oval and slightly flattened - covered by tunica albuginea and tunica vaginalis

Question 40

tunica albuginea

Answer 40

white fibrous capsule

Question 41

seminiferous tubules

Answer 41

- where sperm is produced - lined with a thick germinal epithelium - consists of nurse cells, interstitial cells, BTB

Question 42

interstitial endocrine cells

Answer 42

- produce testosterone - between seminiferous tubules

Question 43

nurse cells (supporting cells, Sertoli)

Answer 43

- protect germ cells, promote development - secrete androgen binding protein and inhibin which regulate sperm production

Question 44

blood-testis barrier (BTB)

Answer 44

prevents antibodies and immune cells from attacking germ cells

Question 45

rete testis

Answer 45

- collects sperm from the tubules - Sperm flow with fluid secreted by nurse cells - Sperm do not swim while in the male reproductive tract (duct system)