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A&P 2 > Chapter 27: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 27: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

gametes

A

sex cells

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2
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

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3
Q

male and female gametes combine their genes to form

A

zygote

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4
Q

parent producing sperm is considered

A

male

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5
Q

parent with Y chromosome is

A

male

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6
Q

sperm aka

A

spermatozoon

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7
Q

embryo

A

egg (ovum)

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8
Q

parent producing eggs considered

A

female

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9
Q

primary sex organs (gonads)

A
  • produce gametes
  • testes, ovaries
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10
Q

secondary sex organs

A
  • organs other than gonads that are necessary for reproduction
  • male: ducts, glands, penis delivers sperm cells
  • female: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina receiving sperm
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11
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A
  • features that distinguish the sexes and influence mate attraction
  • Develop at puberty
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12
Q

secondary sex characteristics in both sexes

A
  • Pubic and axillary hair
  • scent sweat glands (APOCRINE)
  • pitch of the voice
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13
Q

male secondary sex characteristics

A
  • Facial hair
  • coarse and visible hair on the torso and limbs
  • muscular physique
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14
Q

female secondary sex characteristics

A
  • Distribution of body fat
  • breast enlargement
  • finer, less body hair
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15
Q

somatic cells

A
  • 23 pairs of chromosomes (diploid)
  • 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
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16
Q

sex cells (gametes)

A
  • 22 Chromosomes + 1 sex chromosome (haploid)
  • Males produce some Y-carrying sperm and some X-carrying sperm
  • All eggs carry the X chromosome
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17
Q

Sex of child determined by

A

male and type of sperm

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18
Q

X-carrying sperm fertilizes the egg

A

fetus will be female

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19
Q

Y-carrying sperm fertilizes the egg

A

fetus will me male

20
Q

Genital tubercle

A

becomes the head (glans) of the penis or glans clitoris

21
Q

Pair of urogenital folds

A

encloses male urethra helping to form the penis or forms the labia minora

22
Q

Pair of labioscrotal folds

A

becomes either scrotum or labia major

23
Q

what happens by week 12 of pregnancy?

A

either male or female genitalia are distinctly formed

24
Q

Male and female organs that develop from the same embryonic structure are

A

homologous

25
Q

The descent of the testes begins as early as

A

6 weeks

26
Q

cryptorchidism

A
  • undescended testes
  • about 3% of boys
27
Q

Internal median septum

A

divides scrotum into right and left compartments

28
Q

Each compartment in the scrotum has

A

one testis and spermatic cord

29
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

inferior entrance to inguinal canal

30
Q

Deep inguinal ring

A

superior exit to pelvic cavity

31
Q

Within scrotum, spermatic cord passes through strips of internal oblique muscle called the

A

cremaster

32
Q

human testes reside in the

A

scrotum and are adapted to its cooler temp

33
Q

sperm production temp must be held at

A

about 35 degrees celsius

34
Q

cremaster role in regulating temp (heating)

A
  • when its cold, cremaster contracts to hold testes closer to body
  • when warm, cremaster relaxes and testes further from body
35
Q

dartos fascia role in regulating temp (heating)

A

smooth muscle contracts when cold

36
Q

The pampiniform plexus (Cooling)

A

surrounds testicular artery; countercurrent blood flow removes heat from descending arterial blood, to be carried away by ascending venous blood

37
Q

endocrine glands in testes secrete

A

testosterone and other androgens

38
Q

exocrine glands in testes secrete

A

sperm

39
Q

testis structure

A
  • oval and slightly flattened
  • covered by tunica albuginea and tunica vaginalis
40
Q

tunica albuginea

A

white fibrous capsule

41
Q

seminiferous tubules

A
  • where sperm is produced
  • lined with a thick germinal epithelium
  • consists of nurse cells, interstitial cells, BTB
42
Q

interstitial endocrine cells

A
  • produce testosterone
  • between seminiferous tubules
43
Q

nurse cells (supporting cells, Sertoli)

A
  • protect germ cells, promote development
  • secrete androgen binding protein and inhibin which regulate sperm production
44
Q

blood-testis barrier (BTB)

A

prevents antibodies and immune cells from attacking germ cells

45
Q

rete testis

A
  • collects sperm from the tubules
  • Sperm flow with fluid secreted by nurse cells
  • Sperm do not swim while in the male reproductive tract (duct system)
46
Q
A

A&P 2 (5 decks)

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