Chapter 27 Amines, amino acids and polymers

Question 1

Amines

Answer 1

Organic compounds derived from ammonia (NH3) with at least 1 of the H atoms replaced by a C chain

Question 2

Types of Amines

Answer 2

• Aliphatic amine
• Aromatic amine

Question 3

Aliphatic amine

Answer 3

The N atom is attached to at least 1 straight or branched C chain (alkyl group R)

Question 4

Aromatic amine

Answer 4

The N atom is attached to an aromatic ring

Question 5

Classification of amines

Answer 5

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary

Question 6

Primary amine

Answer 6

One H replaced by R group

Question 7

Secondary amine

Answer 7

2 H replaced by R groups

Question 8

Tertiary amine

Answer 8

3 H replaced by R groups

Question 9

Amines in body

Answer 9

• Serotonin: neurotransmitter for control of appetite, sleep, memory
• Pseudophedrine: active ingredient in decongestion medications

Question 10

Namin amines

Answer 10

Different for:
* primary amines
* Secondary + tertiary amines

Question 11

Naming secondary and tertiary amines

Answer 11

• Secondary: prefix ‘di’ + stem + -amine
• Tertiary: prefix ‘tri’ + stem + -amine

Question 11

Naming primary amines

Answer 11

stem + -amine

Question 12

Reactions of amines: amines as bases

Answer 12

When an amine accepts a proton, a dative covalent bond forma between the lone pair of electrons on the N atom and the proton (H+)

Question 13

Amine reaction to form salts

Answer 13

Amine + acid -> salt

Question 14

Formation of primary amines

Answer 14

1. Haloalkane + NH3 -> salt
2. Salt + NaOH -> primary amine + NaCl + H20

NaOH = aqueous alkali

Question 15

Limitation of producing primary amines in this way

Answer 15

Can be oxidised further by further substitution to produce a secondary amine because the product has a lone pair of electrons

Question 16

Formation of secondary amines

Answer 16

1. Primary amine + haloalkane -> salt
2. Salt + NaOH -> diamine + NaCl + H2O

Question 17

Conditions for formation of aliphatic amines

Answer 17

• Ethanol is used as a solvent: to prevent any substitution of the haloalkane by water to produce alcohols
• Excess ammonia is used: to reduce further substitution of the amine group to form secondary and tertiary amines