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Radiology Exam 3 > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What appears solid but actually is honeycombed with air space and blood capillaries and is classified into two types?

A

Bone

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2
Q

What is the two types of bone?

A
  1. Cortical 2. Cancellous
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3
Q

Cortical Bone

A

-Derived from latin word cortex and means outer layer. -Also referred to as compact bone, the dense outer layer of the bone. -Appears radiopaque on the radiograph.

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4
Q

Cancellous Bone

A

-Derived from a latin word and means “arranged like a lattice”. -Is a soft spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone. -Is composed of numerous bony trabeculae that form a lattice like network of intercommunicating spaces filled with bone marrow.

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5
Q

Prominences of Bone

A

Composed of dense cortical bone and appears radiopaque on dental radiograph.

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6
Q

Process

A

Marked prominence or projection of bone; Example is the coronoid process of the mandible.

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7
Q

Ridge

A

Linear prominence or projection of the bone; Example is the internal oblique ridge of the mandible.

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8
Q

Spine

A

Sharp, thorn-like projection of the bone; Example is the anterior nasal spine.

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9
Q

Tubercles

A

Small bump or nodule of bone; Example is the genial tubercles.

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10
Q

Tuberosity

A

Rounded prominence of bone; Example is the maxillary tuberosity.

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11
Q

Space and Depressions in Bone

A

Appears Radiolucent on a dental radiograph.

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12
Q

Canal

A

Tube-like passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessel; Example is mandibular canal.

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13
Q

Foramen

A

Opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels; Example is Mental Foramen

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14
Q

Fossa

A

Broad, shallow, scooped out or depressed area of bone; Example is submandibular fossa of the mandible.

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15
Q

Sinus

A

Hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone; Example is maxillary sinus.

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16
Q

Septum

A

-Bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities. -Appears Radiopaque. -Example- Nasal Septum

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17
Q

Suture

A

-Immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining lines of the skull. -A suture appears as a thin radiolucent line. -Example- Median palatal suture of the maxilla.

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18
Q

What has been described as the architectural cornerstone of the face?

A

The Maxilla

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19
Q

All of the bones of the face articulate with what?

A

The Maxilla

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20
Q

The Maxilla forms what?

A

Orbit of eyes, sides and floor of the nasal cavities, and the hard palate.

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21
Q
A

Incisive Foramen

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22
Q

What is the Incisive Foramen?

A
  • an opening or hole in bone that is located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors.
  • also known as the nasopalatine foramen
  • nasopalatine nerve exits the maxilla through the incisive foramen
  • appears as a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors
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23
Q
A

Median Palatal Suture

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24
Q

What is the Median Palatal Suture?

A
  • The Immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla.
  • Appears as a thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors.
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25
Q
A

Median Palatal Suture

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26
Q
A

Interior Nasal Spine

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27
Q
A

Nasal Cavity

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28
Q

What is the nasal cavity?

A
  • A pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla.
  • Floor of nasal cavity is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horzontal portions of the palatine bones.
  • Lateral walls of the nasal cavity are formed by the ethmoid bone and the maxillae.
  • divided by a bony partition, or wall called the nasal septum.
  • Appears as a large Radiolucent area above the maxillary Incisors.
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29
Q
A

Nasal Septum

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30
Q

What is the Nasal Septum?

A
  • Vertical bony wall or partition thar divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae.
  • Nasal Septum appears as a vertical and radiopaque.
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31
Q
A

Anterior Nasal Spine

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32
Q

What is the Anterior Nasal Spine?

A
  • is a sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity
  • appears as a V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum
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33
Q
A

Inferior Nasal Conchae

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34
Q
A

Lateral Fossa

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35
Q

What is the Lateral Fossa?

A
  • lateral fossa (also known as the canine fossa) is a smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the canine and lateral incisors
  • appears as a radiolucent area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisors
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36
Q
A

Inverted “Y”

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37
Q

What is the Inverted “Y”?

A
  • refers to the intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental radiograph
  • appears as a radiopaque upside-down Y formed by the intersection of the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus
  • located above the maxillary canine
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38
Q
A

Maxillary Sinus

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39
Q

What is the Maxillary Sinus?

A
  • paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla
  • located above the maxillary premolar and molar teeth
  • at birth, maxillary sinus is the size of a small pea
  • with growth, maxillary sinus expands and eventually occupies a large portion of the maxilla
  • maxillary sinus appears as a radiolucent area located above the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars
  • floor of the maxillary sinus is composed of dense cortical bone and appears as a radiopaque line
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40
Q
A
  1. Floor of Maxillary Sinus
  2. Maxillary Sinus
  3. Septum in Maxillary Sinus that divides cavity into 2 parts
  4. Zygomatic Process of Maxilla
  5. Zygoma
  6. Lower border of Zygomatic arch
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41
Q
A

Maxillary Tuberosity

42
Q

What is the Maxillary Tuberosity?

A
  • rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region
  • appears as a radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region
43
Q
A

Zygomatic Process of the Maxilla

44
Q

What is the Zygomatic Process of the Maxilla?

A
  • bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma or malar (cheek) bone
  • on a maxillary periapical radiograph the zygomatic process of the maxilla appears as a J- or U-shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region
45
Q
A

Hamulus

46
Q

What is the Hamulus?

A
  • small hook-like projection of bone extending from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
  • appears as a radiopaque hook-like projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area
47
Q
A

Zygoma

48
Q

What is the Zygoma?

A
  • cheek bone
  • appears as a diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla
49
Q

What is the Bony Landmarks of the Mandible?

A

It is divided into three main parts:

  1. The Ramus
  2. The Body
  3. Alveolar Process
50
Q

What is the Ramus?

A

A Vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar.

51
Q

What is the body?

A

The body of the mandible is the horizontal U-shaped portion that extends from ramus to ramus.

52
Q

What is the Alveolar Process?

A

Alveolar process is the portion of the mandible that encases and supports the teeth.

53
Q
A

The Zygoma

54
Q
A

The Ramus

55
Q
A

The Body

56
Q
A

The Alveolar Process

57
Q
A

Genial Tubercles

58
Q

What is the Genial Tubercle?

A
  • tiny bumps of bone that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles
  • located on the lingual aspect of the mandible
  • mandibular periapical radiograph the genial tubercles appear as a ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular incisors
59
Q
A

Lingual Foramen

60
Q

What is the Lingual Foramen?

A
  • tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible
  • surrounded by the genial tubercles
61
Q
A

Nutrients Canal

62
Q

What is the Nutruents Canal?

A
  • tube-like passage-ways through bone that contain nerves and blood vessels that supply the teeth
  • appear as vertical radiolucent lines
63
Q
A

The Mental Ridge

64
Q

What is the Mental Ridge?

A
  • a linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible
  • extends from the premolar region to the midline and slopes slightly upward
  • appears as a thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region
  • often appears superimposed over the mandibular anterior teeth
65
Q
A

Mental Fossa

66
Q

What is the Mental Fossa?

A
  • scooped-out depressed area of bone located on the external surface of the anterior mandible
  • located above the mental ridge in the mandibular incisor region
  • appears as a radiolucent area above the mental ridge
67
Q
A

Mental Foramen

68
Q

What is the Mental Foramen?

A
  • an opening or hole in the bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars
  • mandibular periapical radiograph the mental foramen appears as a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars
  • frequently misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion because of its apical location
69
Q
A

Mandibular Canal

70
Q

What is the Mandibular Canal?

A
  • tube-like passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible
  • extends from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen and houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels
  • mandibular periapical radiograph the mandibular canal appears as a radiolucent band
  • outlined by two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal
71
Q
A

Torus

72
Q
A
  1. Internal Oblique Ridge
  2. External Oblique Ridge
73
Q
A
  1. Oblique Ridge
74
Q

What is the Internal Oblique Ridge?

A
  • linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus
  • mandibular periapical radiograph appears as a radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the ramus
  • internal and external oblique ridges may be superimposed on one another
  • when the ridges appear separate, the superior radiopaque band is the external oblique ridge, and the inferior radiopaque band is the internal oblique ridge
75
Q

What is the External Oblique Ridge?

A
  • linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible
  • mandibular periapical radiograph appears as a radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
76
Q
A

Mylohyoid Ridge

77
Q
A

Mylohyoid Ridge Submandibular Fossa

78
Q

What is the Submandibular Fossa?

A
  • scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge
  • submandibular salivary gland is found in the submandibular fossa
  • mandibular periapical radiograph appears as a radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge
79
Q
A

Internal Oblique Ridge

80
Q
A

External Oblique Ridge

81
Q
A

Coronoid Process

82
Q

What is the Coronoid Process?

A
  • is a marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible
  • serves as an attachment site for one of the muscles of mastication
  • appear on a maxilary molar periapical film
  • appears as a triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to, the maxillary tuberosity region
83
Q
A

Nutrients Canal

84
Q
A

Zygomatic Process

85
Q
A

A. Enamel

B.Dentin

C.Dentinoenamel Junction

86
Q

Enamel

A
  • densest structure found in the human body
  • the outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth
87
Q

Dentin

A
  • found beneath the enamel layer of a tooth and surrounds the pulp cavity
  • comprises most of the tooth structure
  • not as radiopaque as enamel
88
Q

Dentinoenamel Junction

A

is the junction between the dentin and the enamel of a tooth.

89
Q
A

Pulp Cavity

90
Q

Pulp Cavity

A
  • pulp chamber and pulp canals
  • contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
  • relatively radiolucent on a dental radiograph
91
Q

What serves as the supporting structure for the teeth of the jaws?

A

Alveolar Process

92
Q

What is the bone that supports and encases the roots of the teeth?

A

Aleveolar Process

93
Q

What are the anatomic landmarks of the alveolar process?

A
  • Lamina Dura
  • The Alveolar Crest
  • Periodontal Ligament Space
94
Q
A

Lamina Dura

95
Q

What is that Lamina Dura?

A
  • the wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth
  • made up of dense cortical bone
  • appears as a dense radiopaque line that surrounds the root of a tooth
96
Q
A

Alveolar Crest

97
Q

What are the Alveolar Crest?

A
  • most coronal portion of the alveolar bone found between the teeth
  • appears radiopaque and is typicaly located 1.5 to 2.0 mm below the junction of the crown and the root surfaces
98
Q
A

Periodontal Ligaments

99
Q

What are the Periodontal Ligaments?

A
  • the space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura
  • contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics
  • appears as a thin radiolucent line around the root of a tooth
100
Q

Normal alveolar crest located in the anterior region appears?

A

Pointed and sharp between the teeth

101
Q

Normal alveolar crest in the posterior region appears?

A

Flat and Smooth between the teeth

Radiology Exam 3 (7 decks)

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