Chapter 15

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

Microorganism capable of causing disease

Question 2

Pathogens we are most concerned with

Answer 2

Hepatits, HIV, and tuberculosis

Question 3

Breaking the chain of infection

Answer 3

Immunization
Sterilization
Sterilization plus disinfection
Block portal of entry

Question 4

Direct contact

Answer 4

With pathogens can be achieved in saliva, blood, respiratory secretions, or lesions`

Question 5

Indirect contact

Answer 5

Contaminated objects or instruments

Question 6

Direct contact with airborne contaminants

Answer 6

Present in spatter or aerosols of oral and respiratory fluids

Question 7

Chain of infections

Answer 7

A susceptible host
A pathogen with sufficient infectivity and numbers to cause infections
A portal through which the pathogen may enter the host

Question 8

Universal/standard precaution

Answer 8

Treat everyone as is they are infectious

Question 9

Antiseptic

Answer 9

Substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria

Question 10

Asepsis

Answer 10

Absence of pathogens

Question 11

Bloodborne pathogens

Answer 11

Present in the blood

Question 12

Exposure incident

Answer 12

Specific incident that involves contact with blood or other infectious waste

Question 13

Infectious waste

Answer 13

Water consisting of blood, contaminated sharps, or microbes

Question 14

Occupational exposure

Answer 14

Exposure to contaminants during the function of performing the dental profession

Question 15

Parental exposure

Answer 15

Exposure through piercing or puncturing the skin

Question 16

Sharps

Answer 16

Needles, scalpels, anything sharp that may be contaminated

Question 17

Disinfections

Answer 17

Use of chemical or physical procedures to REDUCE the pathogen number to an acceptable level
Spores may not be destroyed
Not for use on living tissue

Question 18

High-level disinfectant

Answer 18

Chemical germicide inactivates spores, can be used on heat sensitive instruments

Question 19

Intermediate level disinfectant

Answer 19

Does not destroy spores but it is tuberculocidal if hospital grade

Question 20

Low level disinfectant

Answer 20

Can not destroy spores

Can not destroy TB bacilli

Question 21

Sterilization

Answer 21

Total destruction of spores and disease producing micoorganisms

Question 22

PPE

Answer 22

Protective clothing
Masks
Protective eyewear
Gloves

Question 23

Critical objects

Answer 23

Penetrate soft tissues or bone (such as needles, forceps, scalers) must be sterilized or disposable

Question 24

Semi-critical objects

Answer 24

Those that contact but do not penetrate must be sterilized by heat or chemical (mirrors, burrs, XCP)

Question 25

Non-critcial objects

Answer 25

Do not come in contact with mucous membrane (lead apron, PID, ring of XCP) use an intermediate level disinfection