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Fire > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some reasons for direct contamination

A
  • Poor site management practices
  • Use of incompatible protective clothing
  • Failure to identify potential safety problems
  • Running out of breathing air in the hot zone
  • Failure to decontaminate
  • Fires in occupancies where hazardous materials may be stored or discarded
  • Fires in Clandestine drug labs
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2
Q

List the training for Awareness Level

A
  • Recognizing potential for a hazardous material release, identifying isolation locations and managing the scene to keep potential for injury to a minimum.
  • Who may be a resource that might be able to control or mitigate the event
  • Non-Intervention mode of response.
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3
Q

What are the functions of Control Zones

A
  • Keep bystanders and unauthorized personnel from interfering with first responders
  • Resgulate the movement of first responders within the zones
  • Minimize contamination
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4
Q

List the units who will respond to a clandestine drug lab

A
  • A Pump
  • Haz 1 + HazMat response team (Officer + 3 technicians)
  • Haz 3 (Decon) Hazardous Materials Officer + 1 technician
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5
Q

What is the minimum O2 Concentration for safe working conditions?

A

19.50%

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6
Q

What gas is used by EFRS to Test LEL?

A

Pentane

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7
Q

How do you clean MX4?

A

When necessary

  • Wipe with soft clean cloth
  • No Solvents or cleaning solutions
  • Sensor Difffusion membrane free from debris
  • Clean sensor openings wih sofe clean cloth or soft brush
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8
Q

Transportation of Dangerous Goods in Canada is regulated by whom?

A

Transport Canada

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9
Q

The Hazardous Materials Information System (HMIS) PPE systems are identfied by which Letters

A
  • A-K
  • X
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10
Q

What information is required on an MSDS

A
  1. Product Identifcation & Use
  2. Hazardous Ingredients
  3. Physical data (state, boiling point, specific gravity etc)
  4. Fire & Explosion data
  5. Reactivity data (stability of hte material)
  6. Toxicological data
  7. Preventative measures
  8. First aid measures
  9. Preparation Information (source of info, phone #, Date etc)
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11
Q

What is the Protective Action Distance?

A

The downwind distance from teh actual spill/ leak within which prodective actions could be iimplemented

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12
Q

How might cross-contamination occur?

A
  • Contaminated victim comes into physical contact with a clean person or other exposure such as an ambulance
  • A bystander or site worker crosses into the hazard area or comes into contact with a contaminated object within the hazard area
  • A decontaminated responder re-enters teh decon area or inner perimeter and comes into contact wih a conaminated person or object
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13
Q

List the indicators of a possible Chemical Incident

A
  • Dead animals/ fish/ birds
  • lack of insect life
  • unexplained odors
  • unusual #’s of dying or soc people (mass casualty)
  • pattern of casualties
  • blsters/ rashes
  • illness in confined areas
  • unusual liquid droplets
  • different looking areas
  • low-lying clouds
  • unusual metal debris
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14
Q

What is CBRNE

A

Terrorist activities will most likely accomplished using a CBRNE device

  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Radiological
  • Nuclear
  • Explosive
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15
Q

What are the two categories of terrorism

A
  • Domestic based
  • Foreign based
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16
Q

Define Terrorism

A

An act that is committed for a political, religious, or ideological purpose, objective or cause with the intenton of intimidating the public, therefore jeopradizing security.

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17
Q

Explain the roles and responsibilities of operations level responders

A
  • Protect nearby persons, property or the environment from the release
  • Defensive fashion
  • Contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading and prevent exposures
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18
Q

Basic Incident Command of a HazMat event nicludes on of 3 operational modes.

A
  • Offensive mode
  • Defensive mode
  • Non-Intervention
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19
Q

What is the formula for Dosage hazard

A

Dose = Chemcial + Concentration + Time exposed

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20
Q

What is an Acute health effect?

A

The type of chemcial that the body can flush out

Duration of effect:

  • Seconds to days

Effects

  • Immediate
  • mild to intermediate
  • recoverable
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21
Q

Explain Chronic health hazards

A

The slow build up of a toxic substance in the body from repeated exposures

Duration

  • Months to lifetime

Effects

  • Delayed
  • Severe
  • Permanent
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22
Q

What are the benefits of Emergency Decontamination?

A
  • Quick response time
  • Minimize injury
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23
Q

What are the limiitations of Emergency Decontamination?

A
  • Quick fix only
  • May not remove all contaminants
  • More thorough decontamination will have to follow
  • Damages the environment
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24
Q

What are the guidelines for Deontamination

A
  • Decon must be set up before anyone enters the hot zone,including rescue operations
  • Anyone in contact with the material or inside the hotzone must be decontaminated
  • Decon set up at different levels depending on material involved and the size of spill or release
  • @ larger incidents HazMat team may require FF to set up decon
  • Any one becomes contaminated they must stay in the hot zone and be decon before coming out
  • Msut dress one level below what you are decon-ing
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25
Q

What is involved in the T- Termination?

A
  • Decontamination
  • Rehabilitation
  • Post incident analysis
  • Medical screening
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26
Q

List some sources of A- Assistance

A
  • Dispatch
  • Owner/ Producer of product
  • HazMat response team
  • EPS
  • EMS
  • Utilities
  • CEDA/ Shield/ Private contractors
  • Tow trucks
  • EPCOR
  • CANUTEC / CHEMTR
  • CIC / Coordination Information centre
  • Computer software (CAMEO,CCINFO, ALOHA)
  • Emergency handling of HazMat in surace transport
  • ERG
    *
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27
Q

What is usually the best protective action?

A

Evacuation

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28
Q

When is sheltering in place not effective?

A
  • Flammable vapors are present
  • The building cannot be closed tightly
  • Toxic gas will take a long time to clear
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29
Q

What types of Environmental damage can be experiencesd

A
  • Soil contamination and crop damage
  • Destruction of soil microorganizms
  • Damage to wildlife or domestic animals
  • Entry into the food chain of the chemical
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30
Q

What elements must be considered in a rescue strategy?

A
  • The victim
    • visual confirmation victims exist
    • How long exposed, moving, conscious (viable)
  • Prepared to decon victims?
  • Material/agent involved
    • ID material?
    • still being released?
    • method of release
    • physical properties
  • 2ndary devices?
  • Available resources
    • Background/ skill with this response
    • capabilities / limitations of PPE
    • Back up to enter hazard zone
    • tools
    • other resources?
      *
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31
Q

What steps are necessary for zoning

A

To establish scene control

  • isolate the site
  • remove people from isolation area
  • deny entry to unauthorized individuals
  • evacuate or protect-in-place, as required
  • establish scene control zones
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32
Q

What factors must be considered before making an action plan?

A
  • Cause of incident
  • injuries/ rescue situation
  • exposures/ evacuations
  • size of spill
  • Fire hazard (ie: flam. liquid)
  • Ignition sources
  • Do you want to put the fire out?
  • Water or foam?
  • Stop or control leak?
  • Containment
  • Environment (sewers, waterways)
  • Resource limitations
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33
Q

What are the six tactical priorities of Incident Command?

A
  1. Rescue
  2. Protection of Exposures
  3. Fire suppression
  4. Confinement
  5. Containment
  6. Recovery
34
Q

Where are shipping documents found, and named?

A
  • Rail- Waybill/ Consist - Engineer/ Conductor, yard office if in depot
  • Road- Bill of Lading- Cab within driver’s reach, on seat or door pocket, watertight containger attached to trailer, parking attendant (if trailer disconnected)
  • Air- Airbill/ Manifest- cockpit, pilot
  • Ship- Dangerous Cargo manifest- with Captain
35
Q

What information do Shipping Documents need?

A
  • Emergency contact number
  • Number of packages shipped
  • Shipping Name
  • Hazard Class or Class #
  • 4 digit UN #
36
Q

What are the 5 sections of the ERG

A

White- General information

Yellow- ID # index

Blue- Alphabetical material index

Orange- Action guides

Green- Iniitial isolation and Protective action distances

37
Q

Define: Toxic Inhalation Hazard Materials

A
  • Gases or volatile liquids that are toxice when inhaled.
  • Includes certain chemical warfare agents, and water reactive materials which produce toxic gases upon contact with water
38
Q

List the required information on a

Transport Index Label list

A
  • Contents
  • Activity- level of radioactivity present
  • Transportation Index (TI)- maximum radiation level @ 1m from an undamaged package.
39
Q

When must Transportation Index Labels be attached?

A

All radioactive materials in transit

40
Q

List the types of Bulk packaging placed on/in Transport vehicles

A
  • Bulk bags (totes)
  • Portable bins
  • Non-pressure portable tank
41
Q

List the types of Radioactive Packaging

A
  • Excepted Package
  • Industrial Package
  • Type A Package
  • Type B Package
  • Type C Package
  • More dangeroug than type C package

Listed least -> most dangerous

42
Q

List some types of Non- Bulk packages

A
  • Bags
  • Bottles
  • Boxes
  • Multi cell packaging
  • Carboys
  • Uninsulated cylinders
  • Cryogenic (insulated) cylinders
  • Dewar’s flask
  • Drums
43
Q

What 4 pieces of Information must be available on all road carriers

A
  • Product information
  • Emergency contact phone #
  • Container’s Unit #
  • Specification Plate
    • Driver’s side front- gives specific info on the truck
44
Q

Road transportation content identification is made by cross referencing what information?

A
  • Type of container
  • Placards
  • Shipping papers
  • ERG
45
Q

Shape + Filling arrangements of road containers can give insight into

A

Product characteristics

46
Q

How can EFRS members access MSDS information

A
  • Online, OneCity site
  • The Department Health & Safety consultant
  • The Department ENVISO consultant
47
Q

How does WHMIS benefit first responders

A
  • WHMIS labels give basic information
  • MSDS will be available
  • On-site workers will know about specific hazardous materials
48
Q

What does WHIMIS set standards in?

A
  • Labeling containers w/ WHIMIS symbols and cautionary data
  • Providing MSDS documents
  • Educating & Training workers
49
Q

Hazardous materials in the work place is Nationally regulated by?

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

(WHMIS)

50
Q

Where do you find an MSDS

A

Being Transported- Attached to shipping papers

On site- with emergency personnel or at an entry gate

51
Q

List the packing groups and describe hazard level

A

I Highest danger

II Serious danger

III Lowest (but still significant) danger

52
Q

If a HazMat does not have an acceptable shipping name, what must be used?

A
  • Not Otherwise Specified (N.O.S.)
  • Full upper case letters
53
Q

List:

Document Content Response Information

A
  • Shipping name
  • Primary Classification ( hazard characteristics)
  • Secondary Classification ( secondary hazards)
  • Product ID #
  • Packing Group
  • Total mass or volume
  • Number of packages
  • 24hr telephone #
  • Emergency response plan
54
Q

List some Shipping Document terminology and the types of shipments/ modes of transport

A
  • Standard- most common
  • Waste manifest- Hazardous waste
  • Record Sheet- Hazardous road shipments
  • Mulitple delivery- Bulk hazmat delivery
  • Multiple delivery and collection- Exchange full & empty gas cylinders
  • Airbill/manifest- Hazmat shipments by air
  • Rail Documents- Hazmat shipments by rail
  • Road Documents- Bill of lading
  • Dangerous Cargo Manifest- used in marine transport
55
Q

What are the four response training levels?

A
  • Awareness
  • Operations
  • Technician
  • Specialist
56
Q

What is an ACT?

A

Result from legislation and passed in Parliment

Sets the guidelines to ensure objectives are met

57
Q

What are Standards?

A

Developed & reviewed by non-governmental consensu committees

  • Examples include: NFPA
  • May not carry weight of the law, they can be used in a court of law or implemeneted by a regulatory agency
  • Deviation from NFPA standard may not be ciminial in nature but not could be addressed in a civil court of law.
58
Q

What gases does the MX4 monitor detect?

A
  • Oxygen (O2)- measured in %
  • Carbon Monoxide (CO)- measured in PPM
  • Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)- measured in PPM
  • Flammable gas (LEL)- measured in PPM and %
59
Q

How can ionizing radiation be categorized and which are most dangerous?

A
  • Alpha particles
  • Beta particles
  • Gamma Rays *most hazardous common radiation*
  • Neutron particles
60
Q

List the competencies of Technicial level

A
  • Offensively Trainied personnel
  • typically a specialized team withi a municipality/ government that is trained to respond and resolve hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction
61
Q

Explain the competencies of Operations level training

A
  • Minimize impact of the event, maintain or limit any current damage. and assist technicial level responders
    • Confinement, diking, damming, redirection of run off
    • assisstance with gross and multistage decon
    • further isolating an event and providing evacuation zones for potential isolated affected areas
62
Q

How can exposures occur?

A
  • Breathing the chemical
  • Swallowing contaminated food, water, or medication
  • Touching the chemical or coming into contact with clothing or things that have touched the chemical
63
Q

What are the key responsibilities of Operations level responders

A
  • To recognize certain types of containers and storage vessels
  • To Identify the material iteslf
  • To give this iformation to the IC or the HazMat team
64
Q

List four ways to identify a materail

A
  • Location and occupancy
  • Placards, labels, and markings
  • Container shapes
  • Your sense
65
Q

What are Regulations

A

Articles that are referenced by an ACT

Provides the groundwork on how the acts or rules will be met

66
Q

Explain managing the Incident (HAZMAT)

A
  • maintain incident command structure
  • communication with sectors and outside agencies
  • Documentation/ availability
  • HazMat is only a resource or structure
  • HazMat officer cannot assume command
  • Remember to stay at a safe distance and wear appropriate PPE
  • Have a charged hoseline ready if needed
  • Command should use HaxMat team as a resource, they can help but they may not have all the answers all the time
67
Q

What are the 3 levels of HazMat response and their dispatched resources

A

Level 1 Incident- handled by 1st response personnel

  • 1 pump
  • petrochemical or antifreeze spill = or < 25L

Level 2 Incident- Special technical assistance

  • 1 pump and Haz 1
  • petrochemical or antifreeze spill 25-75L
  • Mercury spill

Level 3 Incident- Potential for major disaster

  • 2 pumps, aerial, rescue, Haz 1
68
Q

When responders operate in the non-intervention mode they must do what?

A
  • Pull out to a safe distance
  • inform dispatch of incident conditions
  • Set up and maintain scene control
  • Start the incident management system
  • Evacuate if necessary
  • Call for additional resources
69
Q

When is a Non-intervention strategy used?

A
  • Explosions are about to happen
  • Serious container damage threatens a massive release
  • Responders have neither the training nor resources to deal with the situation
  • The facility asks for it, on the basis of pre-incident assessment of the hazards
70
Q

What is the Initial Isolation Distance

A

The distance which defines a circle in all directions from the actual spill/leak source

71
Q

What does a guide number with a supplemental ‘P’ mean?

A

The material may undergo violent polymerization if subjected to heat or contamination

72
Q

Explain the actions needed for Hazard Identification

(H in HAZMAT acronymn)

A
  • Dispatch Information
  • Who reported the incident
  • Location of Incident- Industrial. residential roads
  • Type of Incident- accident, injuries
  • Product Involved- amount, liquid, gas
  • Victims, exposures- #victims, ignition sources
  • Survey the scene area- scene condtions, facilities, occupancy types
73
Q

Biological agents can be categorized into (CBRNE)

A
  • Bacterial & Viral agents
  • Ricettsial agents (parasitic)
  • Biotoxins
74
Q

List some potential terrorist targets

A
  • High economic impact areas
  • telecommunication facilities
  • mass transit facilities
  • government buildings
  • public assembly areas
  • symbolic locations
  • historical buildings
  • large scale events
    • marathons, G8 summits, major games
75
Q

List the indicators of possible radiological incidents

A
  • Radiation symbols
  • unusual metal debris
  • heat emitting material
  • glowing material
  • sick people/ animalls
76
Q

Chemical agents include what categories? (CBRNE)

A
  • Nerve agents
  • Blister agents
  • Blood agents
  • Choking agents
  • Irritants
77
Q

List the indicators of a possible Biological incident

A
  • Unusual #’s of sick or dying people or animals
  • Unscheduled & unreported spray being disseminated
  • abandoned spray devices
78
Q

Calibration of MX4

(W5 questions)

A
  • When
    • after each use
    • monthly
    • monitor will not zero
    • monitor has gone over range
  • Why
    • sensor lifespan is limited- sensitivity changes
  • What
    • Reference gases of: Pentane, CO, O2, H2S, are applied to monitor & sensor is balanced and confirmed
  • Who
    • HazMat personnel
79
Q

List some general Hazardous material safety precautions

A
  • Avoid contact w/ mists, vapors, dust, and smoke
  • maintain a safe distance
  • approach from upwind
  • do not walk into or touch spilled material
  • never assume a spilled material is safe
  • stay outside the hotzone
  • use available shielding
  • anticipate delayed reactions by the material
  • pay attention to your surroundings
  • watch the container
  • elimitate ignition sources
  • respect the material
  • work as a team
  • communicate
80
Q
A

Fire (15 decks)

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