Chapter 27 Flashcards
What are some reasons for direct contamination
- Poor site management practices
- Use of incompatible protective clothing
- Failure to identify potential safety problems
- Running out of breathing air in the hot zone
- Failure to decontaminate
- Fires in occupancies where hazardous materials may be stored or discarded
- Fires in Clandestine drug labs
List the training for Awareness Level
- Recognizing potential for a hazardous material release, identifying isolation locations and managing the scene to keep potential for injury to a minimum.
- Who may be a resource that might be able to control or mitigate the event
- Non-Intervention mode of response.
What are the functions of Control Zones
- Keep bystanders and unauthorized personnel from interfering with first responders
- Resgulate the movement of first responders within the zones
- Minimize contamination
List the units who will respond to a clandestine drug lab
- A Pump
- Haz 1 + HazMat response team (Officer + 3 technicians)
- Haz 3 (Decon) Hazardous Materials Officer + 1 technician
What is the minimum O2 Concentration for safe working conditions?
19.50%
What gas is used by EFRS to Test LEL?
Pentane
How do you clean MX4?
When necessary
- Wipe with soft clean cloth
- No Solvents or cleaning solutions
- Sensor Difffusion membrane free from debris
- Clean sensor openings wih sofe clean cloth or soft brush
Transportation of Dangerous Goods in Canada is regulated by whom?
Transport Canada
The Hazardous Materials Information System (HMIS) PPE systems are identfied by which Letters
- A-K
- X
What information is required on an MSDS
- Product Identifcation & Use
- Hazardous Ingredients
- Physical data (state, boiling point, specific gravity etc)
- Fire & Explosion data
- Reactivity data (stability of hte material)
- Toxicological data
- Preventative measures
- First aid measures
- Preparation Information (source of info, phone #, Date etc)
What is the Protective Action Distance?
The downwind distance from teh actual spill/ leak within which prodective actions could be iimplemented
How might cross-contamination occur?
- Contaminated victim comes into physical contact with a clean person or other exposure such as an ambulance
- A bystander or site worker crosses into the hazard area or comes into contact with a contaminated object within the hazard area
- A decontaminated responder re-enters teh decon area or inner perimeter and comes into contact wih a conaminated person or object
List the indicators of a possible Chemical Incident
- Dead animals/ fish/ birds
- lack of insect life
- unexplained odors
- unusual #’s of dying or soc people (mass casualty)
- pattern of casualties
- blsters/ rashes
- illness in confined areas
- unusual liquid droplets
- different looking areas
- low-lying clouds
- unusual metal debris
What is CBRNE
Terrorist activities will most likely accomplished using a CBRNE device
- Chemical
- Biological
- Radiological
- Nuclear
- Explosive
What are the two categories of terrorism
- Domestic based
- Foreign based
Define Terrorism
An act that is committed for a political, religious, or ideological purpose, objective or cause with the intenton of intimidating the public, therefore jeopradizing security.
Explain the roles and responsibilities of operations level responders
- Protect nearby persons, property or the environment from the release
- Defensive fashion
- Contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading and prevent exposures
Basic Incident Command of a HazMat event nicludes on of 3 operational modes.
- Offensive mode
- Defensive mode
- Non-Intervention
What is the formula for Dosage hazard
Dose = Chemcial + Concentration + Time exposed
What is an Acute health effect?
The type of chemcial that the body can flush out
Duration of effect:
- Seconds to days
Effects
- Immediate
- mild to intermediate
- recoverable
Explain Chronic health hazards
The slow build up of a toxic substance in the body from repeated exposures
Duration
- Months to lifetime
Effects
- Delayed
- Severe
- Permanent
What are the benefits of Emergency Decontamination?
- Quick response time
- Minimize injury
What are the limiitations of Emergency Decontamination?
- Quick fix only
- May not remove all contaminants
- More thorough decontamination will have to follow
- Damages the environment
What are the guidelines for Deontamination
- Decon must be set up before anyone enters the hot zone,including rescue operations
- Anyone in contact with the material or inside the hotzone must be decontaminated
- Decon set up at different levels depending on material involved and the size of spill or release
- @ larger incidents HazMat team may require FF to set up decon
- Any one becomes contaminated they must stay in the hot zone and be decon before coming out
- Msut dress one level below what you are decon-ing
What is involved in the T- Termination?
- Decontamination
- Rehabilitation
- Post incident analysis
- Medical screening
List some sources of A- Assistance
- Dispatch
- Owner/ Producer of product
- HazMat response team
- EPS
- EMS
- Utilities
- CEDA/ Shield/ Private contractors
- Tow trucks
- EPCOR
- CANUTEC / CHEMTR
- CIC / Coordination Information centre
- Computer software (CAMEO,CCINFO, ALOHA)
- Emergency handling of HazMat in surace transport
- ERG
*
What is usually the best protective action?
Evacuation
When is sheltering in place not effective?
- Flammable vapors are present
- The building cannot be closed tightly
- Toxic gas will take a long time to clear
What types of Environmental damage can be experiencesd
- Soil contamination and crop damage
- Destruction of soil microorganizms
- Damage to wildlife or domestic animals
- Entry into the food chain of the chemical
What elements must be considered in a rescue strategy?
- The victim
- visual confirmation victims exist
- How long exposed, moving, conscious (viable)
- Prepared to decon victims?
- Material/agent involved
- ID material?
- still being released?
- method of release
- physical properties
- 2ndary devices?
- Available resources
- Background/ skill with this response
- capabilities / limitations of PPE
- Back up to enter hazard zone
- tools
- other resources?
*
What steps are necessary for zoning
To establish scene control
- isolate the site
- remove people from isolation area
- deny entry to unauthorized individuals
- evacuate or protect-in-place, as required
- establish scene control zones
What factors must be considered before making an action plan?
- Cause of incident
- injuries/ rescue situation
- exposures/ evacuations
- size of spill
- Fire hazard (ie: flam. liquid)
- Ignition sources
- Do you want to put the fire out?
- Water or foam?
- Stop or control leak?
- Containment
- Environment (sewers, waterways)
- Resource limitations
What are the six tactical priorities of Incident Command?
- Rescue
- Protection of Exposures
- Fire suppression
- Confinement
- Containment
- Recovery
Where are shipping documents found, and named?
- Rail- Waybill/ Consist - Engineer/ Conductor, yard office if in depot
- Road- Bill of Lading- Cab within driver’s reach, on seat or door pocket, watertight containger attached to trailer, parking attendant (if trailer disconnected)
- Air- Airbill/ Manifest- cockpit, pilot
- Ship- Dangerous Cargo manifest- with Captain
What information do Shipping Documents need?
- Emergency contact number
- Number of packages shipped
- Shipping Name
- Hazard Class or Class #
- 4 digit UN #
What are the 5 sections of the ERG
White- General information
Yellow- ID # index
Blue- Alphabetical material index
Orange- Action guides
Green- Iniitial isolation and Protective action distances
Define: Toxic Inhalation Hazard Materials
- Gases or volatile liquids that are toxice when inhaled.
- Includes certain chemical warfare agents, and water reactive materials which produce toxic gases upon contact with water
List the required information on a
Transport Index Label list
- Contents
- Activity- level of radioactivity present
- Transportation Index (TI)- maximum radiation level @ 1m from an undamaged package.
When must Transportation Index Labels be attached?
All radioactive materials in transit
List the types of Bulk packaging placed on/in Transport vehicles
- Bulk bags (totes)
- Portable bins
- Non-pressure portable tank
List the types of Radioactive Packaging
- Excepted Package
- Industrial Package
- Type A Package
- Type B Package
- Type C Package
- More dangeroug than type C package
Listed least -> most dangerous
List some types of Non- Bulk packages
- Bags
- Bottles
- Boxes
- Multi cell packaging
- Carboys
- Uninsulated cylinders
- Cryogenic (insulated) cylinders
- Dewar’s flask
- Drums
What 4 pieces of Information must be available on all road carriers
- Product information
- Emergency contact phone #
- Container’s Unit #
- Specification Plate
- Driver’s side front- gives specific info on the truck
Road transportation content identification is made by cross referencing what information?
- Type of container
- Placards
- Shipping papers
- ERG
Shape + Filling arrangements of road containers can give insight into
Product characteristics
How can EFRS members access MSDS information
- Online, OneCity site
- The Department Health & Safety consultant
- The Department ENVISO consultant
How does WHMIS benefit first responders
- WHMIS labels give basic information
- MSDS will be available
- On-site workers will know about specific hazardous materials
What does WHIMIS set standards in?
- Labeling containers w/ WHIMIS symbols and cautionary data
- Providing MSDS documents
- Educating & Training workers
Hazardous materials in the work place is Nationally regulated by?
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
(WHMIS)
Where do you find an MSDS
Being Transported- Attached to shipping papers
On site- with emergency personnel or at an entry gate
List the packing groups and describe hazard level
I Highest danger
II Serious danger
III Lowest (but still significant) danger
If a HazMat does not have an acceptable shipping name, what must be used?
- Not Otherwise Specified (N.O.S.)
- Full upper case letters
List:
Document Content Response Information
- Shipping name
- Primary Classification ( hazard characteristics)
- Secondary Classification ( secondary hazards)
- Product ID #
- Packing Group
- Total mass or volume
- Number of packages
- 24hr telephone #
- Emergency response plan
List some Shipping Document terminology and the types of shipments/ modes of transport
- Standard- most common
- Waste manifest- Hazardous waste
- Record Sheet- Hazardous road shipments
- Mulitple delivery- Bulk hazmat delivery
- Multiple delivery and collection- Exchange full & empty gas cylinders
- Airbill/manifest- Hazmat shipments by air
- Rail Documents- Hazmat shipments by rail
- Road Documents- Bill of lading
- Dangerous Cargo Manifest- used in marine transport
What are the four response training levels?
- Awareness
- Operations
- Technician
- Specialist
What is an ACT?
Result from legislation and passed in Parliment
Sets the guidelines to ensure objectives are met
What are Standards?
Developed & reviewed by non-governmental consensu committees
- Examples include: NFPA
- May not carry weight of the law, they can be used in a court of law or implemeneted by a regulatory agency
- Deviation from NFPA standard may not be ciminial in nature but not could be addressed in a civil court of law.
What gases does the MX4 monitor detect?
- Oxygen (O2)- measured in %
- Carbon Monoxide (CO)- measured in PPM
- Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)- measured in PPM
- Flammable gas (LEL)- measured in PPM and %
How can ionizing radiation be categorized and which are most dangerous?
- Alpha particles
- Beta particles
- Gamma Rays *most hazardous common radiation*
- Neutron particles
List the competencies of Technicial level
- Offensively Trainied personnel
- typically a specialized team withi a municipality/ government that is trained to respond and resolve hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction
Explain the competencies of Operations level training
- Minimize impact of the event, maintain or limit any current damage. and assist technicial level responders
- Confinement, diking, damming, redirection of run off
- assisstance with gross and multistage decon
- further isolating an event and providing evacuation zones for potential isolated affected areas
How can exposures occur?
- Breathing the chemical
- Swallowing contaminated food, water, or medication
- Touching the chemical or coming into contact with clothing or things that have touched the chemical
What are the key responsibilities of Operations level responders
- To recognize certain types of containers and storage vessels
- To Identify the material iteslf
- To give this iformation to the IC or the HazMat team
List four ways to identify a materail
- Location and occupancy
- Placards, labels, and markings
- Container shapes
- Your sense
What are Regulations
Articles that are referenced by an ACT
Provides the groundwork on how the acts or rules will be met
Explain managing the Incident (HAZMAT)
- maintain incident command structure
- communication with sectors and outside agencies
- Documentation/ availability
- HazMat is only a resource or structure
- HazMat officer cannot assume command
- Remember to stay at a safe distance and wear appropriate PPE
- Have a charged hoseline ready if needed
- Command should use HaxMat team as a resource, they can help but they may not have all the answers all the time
What are the 3 levels of HazMat response and their dispatched resources
Level 1 Incident- handled by 1st response personnel
- 1 pump
- petrochemical or antifreeze spill = or < 25L
Level 2 Incident- Special technical assistance
- 1 pump and Haz 1
- petrochemical or antifreeze spill 25-75L
- Mercury spill
Level 3 Incident- Potential for major disaster
- 2 pumps, aerial, rescue, Haz 1
When responders operate in the non-intervention mode they must do what?
- Pull out to a safe distance
- inform dispatch of incident conditions
- Set up and maintain scene control
- Start the incident management system
- Evacuate if necessary
- Call for additional resources
When is a Non-intervention strategy used?
- Explosions are about to happen
- Serious container damage threatens a massive release
- Responders have neither the training nor resources to deal with the situation
- The facility asks for it, on the basis of pre-incident assessment of the hazards
What is the Initial Isolation Distance
The distance which defines a circle in all directions from the actual spill/leak source
What does a guide number with a supplemental ‘P’ mean?
The material may undergo violent polymerization if subjected to heat or contamination
Explain the actions needed for Hazard Identification
(H in HAZMAT acronymn)
- Dispatch Information
- Who reported the incident
- Location of Incident- Industrial. residential roads
- Type of Incident- accident, injuries
- Product Involved- amount, liquid, gas
- Victims, exposures- #victims, ignition sources
- Survey the scene area- scene condtions, facilities, occupancy types
Biological agents can be categorized into (CBRNE)
- Bacterial & Viral agents
- Ricettsial agents (parasitic)
- Biotoxins
List some potential terrorist targets
- High economic impact areas
- telecommunication facilities
- mass transit facilities
- government buildings
- public assembly areas
- symbolic locations
- historical buildings
- large scale events
- marathons, G8 summits, major games
List the indicators of possible radiological incidents
- Radiation symbols
- unusual metal debris
- heat emitting material
- glowing material
- sick people/ animalls
Chemical agents include what categories? (CBRNE)
- Nerve agents
- Blister agents
- Blood agents
- Choking agents
- Irritants
List the indicators of a possible Biological incident
- Unusual #’s of sick or dying people or animals
- Unscheduled & unreported spray being disseminated
- abandoned spray devices
Calibration of MX4
(W5 questions)
- When
- after each use
- monthly
- monitor will not zero
- monitor has gone over range
- Why
- sensor lifespan is limited- sensitivity changes
- What
- Reference gases of: Pentane, CO, O2, H2S, are applied to monitor & sensor is balanced and confirmed
- Who
- HazMat personnel
List some general Hazardous material safety precautions
- Avoid contact w/ mists, vapors, dust, and smoke
- maintain a safe distance
- approach from upwind
- do not walk into or touch spilled material
- never assume a spilled material is safe
- stay outside the hotzone
- use available shielding
- anticipate delayed reactions by the material
- pay attention to your surroundings
- watch the container
- elimitate ignition sources
- respect the material
- work as a team
- communicate
