3/4 Exam Flashcards
What is carbon monoxide’s flammable range
12.5% to 74% in air
What are the causes of oxygen deficiency
Oxidation combustion absorption bacterial action chemical reaction purging agents poor ventilation decomposition
List some other types of placarding in class nine, miscellaneous dangerous goods
Mixed load fumigation hazard marine pollutant
How many divisions of class nine materials
One
How many divisions for class eight materials
One
How many divisions of class seven materials
One
How many divisions of class six Materials
Two
How many divisions of class five materials
Two
How many divisions of class four materials
Three
How many divisions of class III materials
One
How many divisions of class two materials
Three
How many divisions of class one materials
Six
What are the nine classes of hazardous materials
1-Explosives 2-gases 3-flammable liquids 4-flammable solids/dangerous when wet 5-oxidizers and organic peroxides 6-toxic and infectious substances 7-radioactive materials 8-corrosive 9-miscellaneous hazardous materials
List the colors of placards and labels for specific hazards
Red- flammable orange- explosive white- toxic or infectious green- compressed but nonflammable, non-toxic blue- reactive black- corrosive yellow- oxidizer
When must be UN number be shown with the placard?
Shipments greater than or equal to 4000 kg
When must a placard be placed on all sides and ends
-Shipments greater than 500 kg -quantity or concentrations requiring an emergency response plan to be filed with transport Canada -for liquids or gases in direct contact with the container
When are placards used
Shipments greater than 450 L
When our labels used
Small containers up to 450 L
List the category position and color of the NFPA 704 diamond
Health - left -blue flammability -top -red reactivity -right -yellow special information -bottom -white
Define hazardous materials
Any material or substance, which even in normal use, poses a risk to health, safety, property, or the environment
What are the three types of facility and transport markings
Signs - on fixed sites NFPA 704 labels -10 cm x 10 cm required up to 450 L placards -diamond shaped 25 cm x 25 cm used in transportation of greater than 450 L
What do you do if there is flame impinging on a tank
-Cool the tank from top to bottom (the vapor area) -use master stream appliances -water must not be turning to steam; it must reach the container -large tanks failwithin 10 to 20 minutes -nonsurvival area 500 feet
What are the warning signs of a potential BLEVE
Pressure relief device is working pitch or sound gets louder pinging popping or snapping sounds are heard visible steam from tank up on cooling discoloration of shell at impingement bulge or bubble indicates serious localized heating of the vapor area
What is the explosive range of natural gas
5 to 15%
How is propane dangerous
Asphyxiant easily ignitable (450°C ignition temperature, 842°F) 1.5 times heavier than air subject to BLEVE
What is the proper name for the EFRS foam
AFC 185-Niagara 1-3% AR-FFFP
List the class A foam percentages and applications
0.1% deep seated fires in furniture, smoldering ground fires or heavy duff where penetration is required 0.1-0.5% wildland grass fires 0.5% structural firefighting with attached fog nozzles, woodland surface fires using foam nozzles 1% protecting structural exposures, forming barriers during the wildland firefighting operations
List the parts of a typical wildland fire
Head fingers rear flanks perimeter islands the green the black spot fire
What are the 3Rs of wildland firefighting
Retreat regroup reassess
Define the head of a wildfire
The fastest spreading leading edge of the fire and where the most damage occurs. if you gain control of the head of the fire you usually gain control over all of it
Define flanks in a wildland fire
Left and right sides of the fire when facing the head from the rear. if the wind shifts a flank may become a new head
Define fingers in a wildland fire
Long narrow strips of rapidly burning light fuel. if these are not controlled they form new heads
List the MX4 detectors alarms and ranges for O2 CO H2S LEL
O2 low at 19.5% high at 23% range 0 to 30% CO low at 25 ppm high at 50 ppm range 0 -500 ppm H2S low at 10 ppm high at 15 PPM range 0 -500 ppm LEL low at 10% high at 20% range 0 to 100% or 0-9999 PPM
Define the green in a wildland fire
The unburned area surrounding the fire
Define the black in a wildland fire
The area of blackened land consumed by the fire
Define island in a wildland fire
Unburned areas inside the fire area they are created by suppression actions, or by the fire meeting fuels that were too difficult to ignite. islands should be burned out to prevent re-kindle
Define spot fire in a wildland fire
Fires outside the main fire caused by wind carried sparks or embers. if these are not quickly controlled they may form a head and new fire area
Define the rear of a wildland fire
Sometimes called the heel. this area it is opposite the head, and because it burns more slowly it is often easier to control
Define the perimeter in a wildland fire
The boundaries of the fire, the complete length of the outside edges. This length changes as the fire continues to burn
What are the different types of fuels in wildland fires
Ground fuels surface fuels crown fuels
what are the responsibilities of the RIC crew
Establish RIC tarp in staging area located outside the hazard area continually size up the structure for potential issues determine potential egress points-ladder if necessary and place activated strobe pucks in the exits
What are the duties of the RIC sector officer
Assemble crew and ensure all necessary tools have been gathered and placed on the RIC tarp ensure RIC team has donned all PPE with the exception of regulator liaise with emergency safety officer to determine the best strategy for entry egress and locating victims maintain constant contact with ESO determine if second RIC is necessary upon exit replenish air and tools and be ready to reenter if so assigned
What are the RIC safety officers responsibilities
Assume the role of emergency safety officer -request another safety officer assigned assume control of rescue operations liaise with RIC sector officer- discuss best tactics manage additional resources as needed by RIC maintain communications between R I C and FC
How many lengths of Hi-Vol hose are on each unit
pumper 20 tanker 15 ladder 9 Quint 4
What are the variables of a flash over
Compartment size insulation qualities ceiling height ventilation
What factors influence the size of the inner circle in the vehicle extrication
Number and the condition of vehicles number of patients extrication needs hazardous conditions
What is the size of the outer circle in vehicle extrication
3 to 5 m in diameter around the inner circle influenced by topography and traffic hazards
What is look for within the outer circle
Hazards victims other potential problems should also ask questions of bystanders
Describe level D PPE
PPE in the form of a hardhat, steel toed safety boots, safety glasses -firefighter turnout gear -splash suit -safety boots -gloves -eye protection
Describe level C PPE
Same skin protection as level B, lesser degree of respiratory protection -splash suit -boots -inner /outer gloves -air purifying respirator (APR) -gloves, boots, zippers taped
Describe level B PPE
Highest level of respiratory protection with a lesser degree of skin protection -splash suit -boots -inner /outer gloves -SCBA -mask gloves boots and zippers taped
Describe level A PPE
Highest available degree of respiratory /skin /Eye protection Fully encapsulated vapor proof suit ->gloves and boots attached outer gloves and boots SCBA
How can hazardous material enter your body
Absorption injection ingestion inhalation
List of the levels of personal protective clothing
Levels A,B,C,D
List of the types of exposures in hazmat
Trace-MP Thermal radiation asphyxiation corrosive Etiological mechanical poisonous
In case of BLEVE how far should an area be evacuated
1200 m on large cylinders (4000 feet)
What are the six steps to the management of a hazmat incident
H hazard identification A action plan Z zoning M managing the scene A assistance T termination
List the 19 functions of decontamination
Equipment drop suit, boot covers and outer glove wash suit, boot covers and outer glove rinse tape removal boot cover removal outer glove removal suit and safety boot wash suit, SCBA and safety boot rinse tank change safety boot removal SCBA backpack removal splash suit and SCBA removal inner glove wash inner glove rinse facepiece removal inner glove removal inner clothing removal field wash redress
List the practical applications of ParaTech
Trench rescue building collapse vehicle stabilization lifting
What is the distance for staging from a gas leak as referenced in the SOG’s
100 m from the site
List the available defensive actions during a hazmat incident
Absorption adsorption burning off confinement dilution remote valve shut off vapor suppression vapor dispersion
List the types of low-pressure facility tanks
Cone Roof tank floating roof tank internal floating roof tank lifter roof tank horizontal or low-pressure storage tank
List of the types of facility tanks
Low-pressure facility tanks cryo-genic tanks high and low pressure spherical tanks tonne containers
What is the hazmat cold zone
Support or green zone -area around the other zones where the work for supporting this incident takes place
What is the hazmat warm zone
Limited access contamination reduction zone
What is the hazmat hot zone
A restricted area that represents danger to life or health
What are the zones of the hazmat incident
Hot zone Warm zone cold zone
List all the pieces of information required on pesticide warning labels
Pesticide name signal word (danger >warning) pesticide control product (PCP) number precautionary statement (phrases that cover prevention response storage and disposal of products) active ingredients hazard statement (keep away from children, harmful if swallowed, etc)
List the required information for pipeline warning labels
Signal word (warning caution or danger) Hazardous contents of the pipeline owners name emergency phone number
What are the four fire hydrant service rings and their meanings
Orange- out of service blue- hydrant in use (with permission) white -fire department use only green- under construction (no water)
What is the flow rating for a yellow /orange domed hydrant
1900 to 3800 L per minute
What is the flow rating for a red domed the hydrant
What is the flow rating for a green domed hydrant
3800- 5700 LPM
What is the flow rating of a blue or black domed hydrant
> 5700 LPM
Ignitable liquid fires are extinguished by
Shutting off the fuel supply excluding air by various means cooling the liquid to stop evaporation a combination of these methods
Fire and explosion of class B fuels is prevented by which techniques or principles
Exclusion of ignition sources exclusion of air oxygen storage of liquids enclosed containers or systems ventilation to prevent the accumulation of vapor with in the flammable range use of inert gas atmospheres instead of air
What is a BLEVE
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion the sudden release of a pressurized liquid due to container failure can result in a larger vapor cloud being instantly formed. this vapor can jettison parts of the container
What features are found in the hydrants in colder regions
Valve that controls the water flow is below the frost line to prevent freezing in the system. When not in use the drain valves at the base of the hydrant are in the open position to provide drainage. when the hydrant is in use or flowing the drain valve is closed
List all the duties of the small gate position during a forward hose lay
- Safely dismount the apparatus wearing all PPE and carrying a radio 2. if riding on a new Smeal pumper ensure coffin doors are electronically opened retrieve hydrant kit from the driver rear compartment of apparatus 3.place kit in a practical location for big gate 4.help big gate with the supply line and wait for the ready signal 5.return to your position in the apparatus and relayed the ready signal to the driver and officer 6. at the scene safely: dismount the unit and uncouple the supply line at the nearest joint 7. attach the supply line to the appropriate apparatus at the scene. use the pony length when advantageous 8. if located at the intake connection open intake drain valve 9. communicate to the driver of the apparatus that the line is ready 10. report to your officer for reassignment
List all of the duties of big gate during forward hose lay
- Safely dismount the apparatus wearing all PPE and carrying a radio 2. remove the hydrant gate from the rear of the apparatus 3. wrap 125 mm supply line around the hydrant 4. stand on the hose and signal small gate when ready 5. when apparatus is stopped or it is safe to do so remove steamer cap from hydrant 6. inspect barrel of hydrant and connect gate gate 7. Ensure that the drain valve on the hydrant gate is in the open position 8. radio or signal the driver or sector officer that you are ready to turn on the hydrant 9. open hydrant when ordered by driver or sector officer, close drain valve 10. gather tools remove kinks in the hose and report to your officer for reassignment
What are the advantages of a solid stream nozzle
-Greater visibility -better reach and penetration than other types of streams -reduced nozzle pressure per liter making for easier handling -thermal layer is less likely to be disturbed during an interior structural attack thus increasing your personal safety
how can wildland anchor points be identified
Geographically street address landmarks
Is the vapor density of the following gas lighter or heavier than air Methane
Lighter
Is the vapor density of the following gas lighter or heavier than air Propane
Heavier
Is the vapor density of the following gas lighter or heavier than air Butane
Heavier
Is the vapor density of the following gas lighter or heavier than air Natural gas
Lighter
Is the vapor density of the following gas lighter or heavier than air Carbon monoxide
Lighter
Is the vapor density of the following gas lighter or heavier than air Hydrogen sulfide
heavier
Is the vapor density of the following gas lighter or heavier than air Gasoline
Heavier
Is the vapor density of the following gas lighter or heavier than air Benzene
Heavier
Is the vapor density of the following gas lighter or heavier than air Toluene
Heavier
Is the vapor density of the following gas lighter or heavier than air Pentane
Heavier
How can you prevent chemical damage to hoses
Avoid laying hose hose in gutters or run off troughs inspect and test hose regularly wash hose periodically with plain water
What is the diameter of booster reel hose
20 mm
Describe causes for poor quality foam
Foamwill be more stable if you make it with water at ambient water temperatures between 1.7 and 27°C Water containing detergents oil residue’s etc. may adversely affect form quality always use clean water loss of suction due to air leaks at fittings foam passages clogged because proportion equipment was not cleaned well enough Foam unable to induct into the water stream because the educator and nozzle flow ratings do not match Excess back pressure and reduced foam pick up at the educator because the hose line on the discharge side of the educator is too long Excessive elevation pressure because the nozzle is too far above the educator Foam mixture unable to pass through eductor because different kinds of foam concentrate were mixed in the same tank gradual loss of a effectiveness over a period of time in premixed foam solutions induction may not take place if inlet to the eductor is too high make sure foam concentrate inlet to the eductor is no more than 6 feet above the surface of foam concentrate Using air from inside a burning building to generate phone has negative effect on volume and stability high temperature breaks down foam. compensate with increased foam rates restriction of water flow because the nozzle is not fully open or do to hold kinks will affect foam production if foam is introduced through induction
Which fire hydrant is typically the best choice to hook up
The closest to the fire minimizes hose and friction loss
Describe the contents of the hydrant kit
Combination wrench butterfly key rubber mallet adjustable hydrant wrench roll of banner guard Stortz wrenches (2)
When the hydrant is not in use the drain valve is in which position
Open
List all the hose types carried on the ATP
25 mm booster 38 mm wildland (seasonal) 65 mm attack
List all the types of hose carried on the supertanker
25 mm booster 38 mm wildland (seasonal) 44 mm attack 65 mm attack 125 mm supply 150 mm suction
Define booster line
25 mm is a whole was found on the booster reel of either a tanker or ATP the reel is equipped with 45 m of high-pressure hose with accompanying nozzle
Hi Vol hose is found on which apparatus and how many lengths on each
Pumper 20 lengths tanker 15 lengths ladder 9 lengths Quint 4 lengths
List all the hoes types carried on the tanker
25 mm booster 38 mm wildland seasonal 44 mm attack 65 mm 125 mm supply 150 mm suction
What types of fire hydrants are used in cold regions
Dry barrel hydrant systems
In dry barrel hydrant systems where is the main valve located
Below the frost line
List all the hoes types carried on the pump
38 mm wildland seasonal 44 mm attack 65 mm attack 125 mm supply 150 mm suction
List all the apparatus and water carrying capacity of EFRS units
Pump 1890 L Ladders 1134 L tankers 4500 L supertankers 13,500 L ATP 1442 L mule trailer 250 L
Where are the 65 mm quick attack monitors located
Ladders- pre-connected to 4 lengths 65 mm transverse bed pumps- connected to five length of 65 mm in the rear bed tankers- connected to five lengths of 65 mm in the rear bed
Safety can be divided into which categories of priority
Rescue personnel safety scene safety patient safety
Explain the platinum 10 concept
In order to enhance the golden hour remove patient from vehicle entanglement and be enroute to a trauma center within 10 minutes of our arrival on scene
What must take place during the golden hour
Notification dispatch response scene stabilization vehicle stabilization patient extrication patient packaging patient transport stabilization in the emergency room surgical intervention
What are the hybrid vehicle emergency procedures
Hybrid vehicle identification vehicle stabilization access the passenger compartment turn key to off position and remove from ignition check that the green light goes out disconnect 12 V battery
What are the two types of glass found in automobiles
Safety glass tempered glass
What are the rules of thumb for wooden cribbing
Finished height cannot be greater than 3x working length of the Timbers flat level base crib as you go do not please body parts between the crib and vehicle
Explain the 5 10 20 rule
5 inches away from side airbags 10 inches away from driver airbag 20 inches away from passenger airbag
List the types of collisions
Head on collision T-bone collision rear end collision rollover rotational
What belongs in the vehicle extrication cold zone
All other operations established here fire command tool staging personnel staging apparatus placement
What it should be placed in the warm zone
Essential tools hydraulic pump parts removed from vehicle charged hand line
Define vehicle extrication hot zone
Location where the extrication is taking place and the hazards exist
How big is the outer circle
3 to 5 m in diameter around the inner circle
What factors influence inner circle size
Number of patients degree of entrapment number and size of vehicles other hazards
What types of containers hold LPG
Tanks cylinders lines
What conditions are important to recognize with fires in open top tank
Boil over froth over slop over
What are the definitions of a flammable liquid
One that has a flashpoint below 60.5°C US DOT TDG (globally recognized /UN) or 37.8°C NFPA/WHMIS
Container breach results in a content’s release (slowly or quickly) list the types
Detonation-fraction of a second violent rupture- less than a second rapid relief- seconds or minutes spill leak- minutes or days
What types of stresses are put on containers
Thermal chemical mechanical
List the 13 gases lighter than air
4H MEDIC ANNA Hydrogen Helium Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Methane Ethylene Diborane Illuminating gas Carbon monoxide Acetylene Neon Nitrogen Anhydrous ammonia
Before applying foam what are some factors to consider
Compatibility- is foam compatible with other firefighting chemicals adverse weather conditions- weather can affect extinguishing potential of finished foam. too cold? wind? Intense heat- can accelerate the drain time raising possibility of burnback toxic fumes- will it create toxic fumes when applied to the liquid reignition- what are the possibilities of reignition with the type of foam produced
List the different foam application techniques
Roll on method bank down method rain down method
Name this vessel
DOT 406, TC406, STC306
Non-Pressure Liquid Tank
Name this vessel
Compressed Gas/ Tube Trailer
Name this vessel
DOT 412, TC 412, STC312
Corrosive Liquid Tank
Name this vessel
MC 338, TC338
Cryogenic Liquid Tank
Name this vessel
Intermodal Tank
Name this vessel
DOT412, TC 412
Corrosive Liquid Tank
Name this vessel
Low Pressure Tank Car
Liquids
Name this vessel
DOT407, TC407
Low Pressure Chemical Tank
Name this vessel
Pressure Tank Car
Compressed Liquified Gases
Name this vessel
MC331, TC331
High Pressure Tank
Name this vessel
DOT407, TC 407
Vacuum Loaded Tank
