Chapter 27 & 28 Acute disorder of the lower resp. tract and chronic disorders of the lower respiratory tract

Question 1

What is pneumonia?

Answer 1

Inflammation of certain parts of the lung, such as alveoli and bronchioles

Question 2

Causes of pneumonia

Answer 2

Caused by either infectious or noninfectious agents

Question 3

This is a hospital-acquired infection that may be attributed to inadequate hand washing, poor sterile technique with suctioning, contaminated equipment, and exposure to others who have infectious respiratory conditions.

Answer 3

Nosocomial pneumonia

Question 4

smokers
those with altered consciousness from alcohol, seizures
anesthesia
drug overdose
those who are immunosuppressed
chronically ill people who are malnourished or debilitated
people on bed rest with prolonged immobility.

Answer 4

Patients that are at risk for pneumonia

Question 5

signs and symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 5

Fever
chills
sweats
chest pain
cough
sputum production
hemoptysis
dyspnea
headache
fatigue

Question 6

What is the medical diagnosis for penumonia

Answer 6

History and physical examination
sputum culture
Gram stain
chest radiograph
complete blood count
blood culture

Question 7

People with bacteria pneumonia presents with what symptoms?

Answer 7

May experience an abrupt
Almost explosive onset
Severe shaking chills
Sharp
Stabbing lateral chest pain, especially with coughing and breathing
Intermittent cough with rusty sputum.

Question 8

Nursing diagnosis for pneumonia

Answer 8

Airway obstruction
Inadequate oxygenation
Fatigue and dyspnea
Inadequate nutrition
Potential for fluid volume deficit
Pain
Prevention of aspiration pneumonia

Question 9

Signs of hypoxemia

Answer 9

Restlessness
Tachycardia
Tachypnea

Question 10

What do you do to help patient with chest trauma

Answer 10

Cover open chest wound with an airtight dressing taped on three sides

Question 11

What is the cause of chest trauma

Answer 11

Accumulation of air in pleural cavity: results in complete or partial collapse of a lung

Question 12

What is tension pneumothorax

Answer 12

Air repeatedly enters the pleural space with inspiration, causing the pressure to rise.

Question 13

What is mediastinal shift

Answer 13

a condition that interferes with blood return to the heart. This is a medical emergency
shift toward the unaffected side.

Question 14

What does mediastinal shift and mediastinal flutter affect

Answer 14

trachea, heart, esophagus and greater blood vessels.

Question 15

What is open pneumothorax?

Answer 15

From a chest wound: allows air to move in and out freely with inspiration and expiration

Question 16

What is mediastinal flutter

Answer 16

Organs shift back and forth toward the unaffected side and then toward the affected side with expiration

Question 17

What is hemothorax

Answer 17

Blood accumulation between chest wall and lung that is often associated with pneumothorax

Question 18

What is Flail chest

Answer 18

An injury in which two adjacent ribs on the same side of the chest are broken into two or more segments

Question 19

What is paradoxical movement?

Answer 19

In with inspiration and out with expiration

Question 20

What is chronic bronchitis

Answer 20

Chronic cough that persist for at least 3 months of the year for 2 consecutive years and by impaired ciliary action

Question 21

Cor Pulmonale

Answer 21

right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary disease

Question 22

Centriacinar emphysema

Answer 22

Associated with cigarette smoking
affects mainly the respiratory bronchioles
BRONCHIOLES ENLARGE AND BREAKDOWN, BUT ALVEOLI REMAIN INTACT

Question 23

Panacinar emphysema

Answer 23

Affects the respiratory bronchioles and the alveoli
Hereditary deficiency
DECREASES SURFACE FOR GAS EXCHANGE

Question 24

Chronic bronchitis “BLUE BLOATER”

Answer 24

Productive cough, exertional dyspnea, and wheezing

Question 25

With chronic hypoxemia, the RBC count is typically high, why?

Answer 25

To compensate for the low oxygen.

Question 26

What does the term blue bloater mean?

Answer 26

Pts with advanced chronic bronchitis (dyspnea, cyanosis, peripheral edema)

Question 27

Emphysema “PINK PUFFER”

Answer 27

SKIN COLOR MAY BE NORMAL Dyspnea on exertion As disease process continues- dyspnea with rest Increased anteroposterior diameter

Question 28

What results will be revealed by the pulmonary function tests?

Answer 28

``` Decreased forced expiratory volume Decreased forced vital capacity Increased functional residual capacity Increased residual volume Total lung capacity can be increased or normal ```

Question 29

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 29

Affects integumentary, reproductive, gastrointestinal, respiratory.

Question 30

Stetorrhea

Answer 30

Stools become bulky and foul smelling

Question 31

Treatment for TB

Answer 31

Common preventive treatment is isoniazid (INH) therapy for 9 to 12 months Avoid foods containing tyramine (aged cheese, smoked fish) and histamine (tuna, sauerkraut). These foods if combined with inh can make the patient very ill Individuals with inactive tuberculosis may be treated with INH alone, INH with rifampin, or rifampin with pyrazinamide.

Question 32

What does rifampin do to the body?

Answer 32

causes body fluids to become red-orange and may stain soft contact lenses

Question 33

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause

Answer 33

Lung cancer

Question 34

Medical diagnosis for lung cancer

Answer 34

Bronchoscopy

Question 35

Lung cancer treatment

Answer 35

Radiotherapy MAY BE USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER TREATMENT METHODS Brachytherapy (use of implants) If implant is dislodged use of tongs and it is placed in a lead container Chemotherapy MAY BE USED ALONE OR WITH RADIATION