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Med Surg Exam 3 > Chapter 25&26 Respiratory system and upper res. disorder > Flashcards

Chapter 25&26 Respiratory system and upper res. disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal volume of air inspired and expired with each respiration (in and out like the tide of an ocean)

A

Tidal Volume

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2
Q

What is the maximum amount of air inhaled at the point of maximum expiration

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

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3
Q

What is the maximum amount of air exhaled after a resting expiration

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

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4
Q

What is the maximum amount of air exhaled after a maximum inspiration

A

Vital Capacity

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5
Q

What is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after normal expiration

A

Functional Residual Capacity

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6
Q

What is thoracentesis

A

Plural fluid is aspirated and examined for pathogens and other abnormal components

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7
Q

Instruction for patient before thoracentesis

A

Do not move or cough during the procedure.

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8
Q

What should a nurse do before thoracentesis procedure

A

Signed Consent

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9
Q

What is the PH of blood

A

ph of blood: 7.35-7.45

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10
Q

What is the lab value for pc02

A

35-45

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11
Q

what is the lab value for pa02

A

80-100

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12
Q

what is the lab value for bicarbonate

A

22-26

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13
Q

What is normal 02 saturation

A

90-100%

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14
Q

How do you do Allen test?

A

Pressure is applied over the ulnar and the radial arteries so as to occlude both of them.

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15
Q

What is chest physiotherapy

A

Percussion, postural drainage, vibration (Pursed lips for incentive spirometer)

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a chest tube

A

Inserted to drain air or fluid from the pleural space of the lungs which permits re-expansion of a collapsed lung in the patient with a hemothorax, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion

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17
Q

What is nursing duties for chest tube intervention

A

Monitor vs breath sounds, and oxygen status frequently
Assess the dressing
Monitor drainage
If suction is prescribed, there will be bubbling in the suction control chamber

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18
Q

What is cheyne stokes respiration?

A

Breaths progressively deeper, then becoming shallow, followed by apnea.

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19
Q

What is kussmaul respiration?

A

pattern is regular, deep and rate is faster than 20breaths per minutes.

20
Q

What is biot’s respiration?

A

pattern is abnormally shallow for several breaths followed by irregular period of apnea.

21
Q

What is pseudoephdrine used for?

A

constricts blood vessels to reduce swelling of mucous membranes.

22
Q

What should the nurse monitor when a patient is taking pseudoephdrine?

A

Monitor bp and mental status

23
Q

What is codeine used for?

A

suppresses cough reflex.

24
Q

What should the nurse monitor when the patient is taking codeine

A

Encourage fluids unless contraindicated

25
Q

What is diphenhydramine used for?

A

blocks histamine and dries respiratory secretions.

26
Q

What should the nurse monitor when the patient is taking diphenhydramine?

A

Monitor pulse and respiratory status monitor for drowsiness

27
Q

What is guaifenesin used for?

A

thins respiratory secretions for easier expectoration

28
Q

What should the nurse monitor when the patient is taking guaifenesin?

A

Assess the patient’s cough productivity.

29
Q

What is acetylcysteine used for?

A

given by inhalation to reduce viscosity.

30
Q

What should the nurse monitor when the patient is taking acetylcysteine?

A

Monitor for increased dyspnea

31
Q

Types of bronchodilators

A

Theophylline, inhaled short acting(albuterol) and ipratropium bromide.

32
Q

Instructions for theophylline

A

Give with milk or food.
Monitor vs.
Do not give at bedtime

33
Q

Instructions for short acting (albuterol)

A

Teach how to use the inhaler
Teach the patient to rinse the mouth after inhalation to decrease dryness and irritation
Monitor respiratory and cardiovascular status

34
Q

Instruction for ipratropium bromide

A

No more than 2 inhalation at a time.

35
Q

Leukotriene inhibitor

A

Montelukast: prevents bronchospasm

36
Q

Calculations of pack years

A

Number of years the patient has smoked x number of pack smoked each day.

37
Q

What is Allergic Rhinitis?

A

“hay fever”
Intermittent (seasonal) or persistent (perennial)
Contact with allergen leads to release of chemicals like histamines which causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
Fluid leaks from capillaries causing swelling of the nasal mucosa.
Overuse of decongestant nose drops and sprays may also trigger the above.

38
Q

What is the sign and symptoms of allergic rhinitis

A 
Nasal obstruction. 
Sneezing. 
Clear nasal discharge.
Frontal headache. 
Itchy, watery eyes. 
Nasal mucosa is often pale but it can be red or bluish
39
Q

Medical Management of allergic rhinitis

A

Immunotherapy (allergy shots)
Intranasal corticosteroids
Oral or intranasal antihistamines

40
Q

What causes acute viral coryza

A

Caused by viruses that invade the upper respiratory tract through airborne droplets

41
Q

Sign and Symptoms of Acute viral coryza

A

Fever
Fatigue
Nasal discharge
Sore throat

42
Q

Complications of Acute viral coryza

A

Otitis media
Sinusitis
Bronchitis
Pneumonia

43
Q

What is the treatment for acute viral coryza

A 
Treat the symptoms 
Rest
Fluids
Proper diet
Antipyretics
Analgesic
44
Q

What is the nursing intervention for acute viral coryza

A

Public education about prevention
Not to use combination drugs if they don’t have those symptoms
Encourage rest and fluids
Some evidence exists that Vit C may slightly reduce severity

45
Q

Nursing care for epistaxis

A

Inspect the nose and back of throat for bleeding
Observe for frequent swallowing
Monitor LOC and VS to detect hypovolemia
Document allergies an major illnesses
Once balloon catheter or nasal packing is in place monitor for early signs of infection and airway obstruction (dyspnea, anxiety, tachycardia)
Ask about pain in the nose, pharynx, and ears

46
Q

Nursing dxs and interventions of laryngectomy

A

Communication boards

Remember no intercom use

47
Q

What should a nurse do after thoracentesis

A

Monitor skin color, rR, and general response, VS

Assess dressing for bleeding (COACH)

Med Surg Exam 3 (6 decks)

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