Chapter 25&26 Respiratory system and upper res. disorder Flashcards
What is the normal volume of air inspired and expired with each respiration (in and out like the tide of an ocean)
Tidal Volume
What is the maximum amount of air inhaled at the point of maximum expiration
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
What is the maximum amount of air exhaled after a resting expiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume
What is the maximum amount of air exhaled after a maximum inspiration
Vital Capacity
What is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after normal expiration
Functional Residual Capacity
What is thoracentesis
Plural fluid is aspirated and examined for pathogens and other abnormal components
Instruction for patient before thoracentesis
Do not move or cough during the procedure.
What should a nurse do before thoracentesis procedure
Signed Consent
What is the PH of blood
ph of blood: 7.35-7.45
What is the lab value for pc02
35-45
what is the lab value for pa02
80-100
what is the lab value for bicarbonate
22-26
What is normal 02 saturation
90-100%
How do you do Allen test?
Pressure is applied over the ulnar and the radial arteries so as to occlude both of them.
What is chest physiotherapy
Percussion, postural drainage, vibration (Pursed lips for incentive spirometer)
What is the purpose of a chest tube
Inserted to drain air or fluid from the pleural space of the lungs which permits re-expansion of a collapsed lung in the patient with a hemothorax, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion
What is nursing duties for chest tube intervention
Monitor vs breath sounds, and oxygen status frequently
Assess the dressing
Monitor drainage
If suction is prescribed, there will be bubbling in the suction control chamber
What is cheyne stokes respiration?
Breaths progressively deeper, then becoming shallow, followed by apnea.
What is kussmaul respiration?
pattern is regular, deep and rate is faster than 20breaths per minutes.
What is biot’s respiration?
pattern is abnormally shallow for several breaths followed by irregular period of apnea.
What is pseudoephdrine used for?
constricts blood vessels to reduce swelling of mucous membranes.
What should the nurse monitor when a patient is taking pseudoephdrine?
Monitor bp and mental status
What is codeine used for?
suppresses cough reflex.
What should the nurse monitor when the patient is taking codeine
Encourage fluids unless contraindicated
What is diphenhydramine used for?
blocks histamine and dries respiratory secretions.
What should the nurse monitor when the patient is taking diphenhydramine?
Monitor pulse and respiratory status monitor for drowsiness
What is guaifenesin used for?
thins respiratory secretions for easier expectoration
What should the nurse monitor when the patient is taking guaifenesin?
Assess the patient’s cough productivity.
What is acetylcysteine used for?
given by inhalation to reduce viscosity.
What should the nurse monitor when the patient is taking acetylcysteine?
Monitor for increased dyspnea
Types of bronchodilators
Theophylline, inhaled short acting(albuterol) and ipratropium bromide.
Instructions for theophylline
Give with milk or food.
Monitor vs.
Do not give at bedtime
Instructions for short acting (albuterol)
Teach how to use the inhaler
Teach the patient to rinse the mouth after inhalation to decrease dryness and irritation
Monitor respiratory and cardiovascular status
Instruction for ipratropium bromide
No more than 2 inhalation at a time.
Leukotriene inhibitor
Montelukast: prevents bronchospasm
Calculations of pack years
Number of years the patient has smoked x number of pack smoked each day.
What is Allergic Rhinitis?
“hay fever”
Intermittent (seasonal) or persistent (perennial)
Contact with allergen leads to release of chemicals like histamines which causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
Fluid leaks from capillaries causing swelling of the nasal mucosa.
Overuse of decongestant nose drops and sprays may also trigger the above.
What is the sign and symptoms of allergic rhinitis
Nasal obstruction. Sneezing. Clear nasal discharge. Frontal headache. Itchy, watery eyes. Nasal mucosa is often pale but it can be red or bluish
Medical Management of allergic rhinitis
Immunotherapy (allergy shots)
Intranasal corticosteroids
Oral or intranasal antihistamines
What causes acute viral coryza
Caused by viruses that invade the upper respiratory tract through airborne droplets
Sign and Symptoms of Acute viral coryza
Fever
Fatigue
Nasal discharge
Sore throat
Complications of Acute viral coryza
Otitis media
Sinusitis
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
What is the treatment for acute viral coryza
Treat the symptoms Rest Fluids Proper diet Antipyretics Analgesic
What is the nursing intervention for acute viral coryza
Public education about prevention
Not to use combination drugs if they don’t have those symptoms
Encourage rest and fluids
Some evidence exists that Vit C may slightly reduce severity
Nursing care for epistaxis
Inspect the nose and back of throat for bleeding
Observe for frequent swallowing
Monitor LOC and VS to detect hypovolemia
Document allergies an major illnesses
Once balloon catheter or nasal packing is in place monitor for early signs of infection and airway obstruction (dyspnea, anxiety, tachycardia)
Ask about pain in the nose, pharynx, and ears
Nursing dxs and interventions of laryngectomy
Communication boards
Remember no intercom use
What should a nurse do after thoracentesis
Monitor skin color, rR, and general response, VS
Assess dressing for bleeding (COACH)
