Chapter 2.7 Flashcards
How many neurotransmitters have been identified?
over 200
What neurotransmitter is associated with parkinsons?
dopamine
What are symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
tremors, slow movement, rigid muscles, impaired posture and balance
What causes parkinsons?
too little dopamine. degeneration or worsening of the connections between the substantia nigra and basal ganglia circuit (which provides dopamine for voluntary movement)
Parkinson’s is affecting the ___brain and the ___brain.
midbrain and forebrain
What does a persons substantia nigra look like if they have Parkinson’s vs a healthy brain?
The substantia nigra is pale in Parkinson’s but is a dark band with a healthy brain
What neurotransmitter is implicated in schizophrenia?
Dopamine
What causes schizophrenia?
Too much dopamine in the frontal lobe
What are symptoms of schizophrenia?
hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, poor social inhibition
What drug blocks normal dopamine transmission in the forebrain?
chlorpromazine
What neurotransmitter is associated with anxiety?
GABA
What causes anxiety?
Too little GABA; overactive nervous system
As many as ___ of all neurons in the CNS utilize GABA.
1/3
What is the main affect of GABA?
inhibitors; the GABA neurotransmitter is making it less likely that the neurons will fire
What neurotransmitter is associated with Alzheimers?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
What causes Alzheimer’s disease?
death of the neurons that use Acetylcholine
What are the affects on the brain from Alzheimers?
outer cortex shrivels up, degeneration of hippocampus tissue (memory), enlarged ventricles (because the tissue around the ventricles are degenerating), protein deposits or tangles
What neurotransmitter is associated with depression?
Norepinephrine (NE)
What causes depression?
too little Norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT)
What neurotransmitter is associated with sleep disturbances?
serotonin (5-HT)
What causes sleep disturbance?
too little seretonin (5-HT)
