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Physics > Chapter 26: Sound > Flashcards

Chapter 26: Sound Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

How is sound made?

A

something needs to vibrate

-the object must send particles into motion causing them to collide w/ neighboring particles

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2
Q

vibration causes …… and …… of matter

A

compressions and rarefractions

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3
Q

its a pulse of compressed air, pressure is increased -

A

compression

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4
Q

its a disturbance in air in which the pressure is lowered -

A

rarefactions

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5
Q

sound waves move through ….. because a vibrating source produces regular variations in air pressure -

A

air

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6
Q

its definied as below our range of hearing -

A

infrasonic

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7
Q

its defined as above our range of hearing -

A

ultrasonic

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8
Q

its sound waves with frequencies below 20 Hz -

A

infrasonic

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9
Q

its sound waves with frequencies about 20 Hz -

A

ultrasonic

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10
Q

sound is a ….. wave -

A

longitudinal

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11
Q

the motion of the air molecules is ……. to the direction of motion of the wave -

A

parallel

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12
Q

the wavelength of a sound wave is the distance between …………….. of maximum pressure -

A

adjacent regions

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13
Q

sound needs a ….. to transmit -

A

medium

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14
Q

the velocity of sound is greater in ….. and ….. than gases.

A

solids and liquids

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15
Q

why cant sound travel through a vaccum -

A

there are no particles to move and collide

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16
Q

the speed of sound depends on the ……

A

medium, its temperature, its elasticity

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17
Q

v =

A

d/t

18
Q

its how high or low a sound seems, related to the waves frequency -

A

pitch

19
Q

the amplitude of the pressure vibration wave; the more energy, the louder the sound -

A

loudness

20
Q

why isnt loudness not directly proportional to the amplitude of the wave -

A

because it depends on the sensitivity of ones ears

21
Q

pleasant sound has a ………. pattern

A

regular wave

22
Q

noise has an …… pattern

A

irregular wave

23
Q

…… is proportional to the square of the amplitude of a sound wave -

A

sound intensity

24
Q

its a measure of the intensity of sound -

A

decibel

25
Q

its level depends on the ratio of the pressure of a given sound wave too the pressure in the most faintly heard sound -

A

decibel

26
Q

its when a system is displaced from equilibrium and allowed to oscillate freely, it will do so its a …..

A

natural frequency of vibration

27
Q

a system may be forced to oscillate at any given frequency by an outside driving force that is applied to it -

A

forced oscillations

28
Q

its a transfer of energy in which a system is subject to an oscillating force that matches the natural frequency of the system, resulting in a large amplitude of vibration

A

resonance

29
Q

resonance only occurs when ……

A

pulses are applied to a vibrating object in rhythm w/ its natural frequency

30
Q

factors that affect the frequency response and sharpness of the curve -

A
  1. frequency of driving force
  2. natural frequency of system
  3. amplitude of driving force
  4. amount of damping
31
Q

sound waves, like any other wave, can interfere constructively or destructively -

A

interference

32
Q

interference affects the ……. of the sound -

A

loudness

33
Q

why is it if you are equally distant from 2 speakers the sound is louder?

A

because the waves are added together

34
Q

its the periodic variations in loudness of sound -

A

beats

35
Q

when does beat occur?

A

when two objects vibrate at different frequencies

36
Q

…. can occur with any kind of wave -

A

beats

37
Q

the change in frequency of a wave due to the motion of the source or of the receiver

A

doppler effect

38
Q

they are created when the speed of the wave source equals the speed of the waves its producing

A

bow waves

39
Q

these waves are formed when a moving wave source exceeds the speed if the waves its producing

A

shock waves

40
Q

the standing wave w/ the longest wave with the longest wavelength

A

first harmonic

41
Q

the lowest frequency of a standing wave, calculated from the first harmonic -

A

fundamental frequency

42
Q

all harmonics have frequencies that are integral multiples of the ……..

A

fundamental frequency

Physics (6 decks)

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