Chapter 26 - Reproduction and Development Flashcards
The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of gametes (sperm and egg).
Asexual reproduction
A means of asexual reproduction in which a new individual splits off after developing from an outgrowth of a parent.
Budding
A means of asexual reproduction whereby a parent separates into two or more genetically identical individuals of about equal size.
Fission
The fertilized egg, which is diploid, that results from the union of haploid gametes (sperm and egg) during fertilization.
Zygote
A sex cell; a haploid egg or sperm. The union of two gametes of opposite sex (fertilization) produces a zygote.
Gamete
The male gamete is the ______; the female is the _______.
Sperm; egg
An animal sex organ that produces gametes; an ovary or a testis
Gonads
Name the site of gestation
The uterus
Name the sperm duct
Vas defrens
Name the site of fertilization
Oviduct
Name the female gonad
Ovary
Name the lining of the uterus
Endometrium
Name the site of spermatogenesis
Testis
__________ is the creation of gametes within the gonads. In humans, gametes are haploid cells with 23 chromosomes that develop by meiosis from diploid cells with 46 chromosomes.
Gametogenesis
T or F
Sperm develop within seminiferous tubules in the testes
True
Spermatogenesis produces _____ gametes but oogenesis results in only _____ gamete from each parent cell
Four; one
T or F
Sperm are small, motile, and contain relatively few nutrients, while eggs are large, nonmotile, and well supplied with nutrients.
True
__________ prevents fertilization by altering a woman’s cervical mucus so that sperm are blocked from entering the uterus. It can be administered in tablet form (the “minipill”), in timed-release match-sized capsules that are implanted under the skin and last for five years (Norplant), or via injections that last for three months (Depo-Provera)
Progestin
Chlamydia is the most commonly reported infectious disease in the United States.
True
A fertility specialist determines that a patient is producing a normal amount of sperm but the semen does not contain enough of the fluids needed to nourish the sperm. Which structures are most likely responsible for this problem?
Seminal vesicle and /or the prostate gland
Some animals, such as Rotifera and aphids, are able to alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction. Under what conditions might it be advantageous to reproduce asexually? Sexually?
Asexual reproduction is favorable in a stable environment with many resources. Sexual reproduction may enhance success in a changing environment by producing genetically variable offspring.
A woman has had several miscarriages. Her doctor suspects that a hormonal insufficiency has been causing the lining of the uterus to break down as it does during menstruation, terminating her pregnancies. Treatment with which of the following might help her remain pregnant?
HCG
Why is it important that the hormones FSH and LH are inhibited after ovulation has occurred in the female cycle? Which female hormones inhibit FSH and LH?
Inhibiting FSH and LH after ovulation ensures that another egg will not be released during this cycle. Estrogen and progesterone inhibit FSH and LH.
What advantage do abstinence and condoms have over other forms of contraception?
They also help prevent the spread of STDs
