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Biology > Chapter 26 - Reproduction and Development > Flashcards

Chapter 26 - Reproduction and Development Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of gametes (sperm and egg).

A

Asexual reproduction

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1
Q

A means of asexual reproduction in which a new individual splits off after developing from an outgrowth of a parent.

A

Budding

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2
Q

A means of asexual reproduction whereby a parent separates into two or more genetically identical individuals of about equal size.

A

Fission

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3
Q

The fertilized egg, which is diploid, that results from the union of haploid gametes (sperm and egg) during fertilization.

A

Zygote

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4
Q

A sex cell; a haploid egg or sperm. The union of two gametes of opposite sex (fertilization) produces a zygote.

A

Gamete

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5
Q

The male gamete is the ______; the female is the _______.

A

Sperm; egg

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6
Q

An animal sex organ that produces gametes; an ovary or a testis

A

Gonads

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7
Q

Name the site of gestation

A

The uterus

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8
Q

Name the sperm duct

A

Vas defrens

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9
Q

Name the site of fertilization

A

Oviduct

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10
Q

Name the female gonad

A

Ovary

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11
Q

Name the lining of the uterus

A

Endometrium

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12
Q

Name the site of spermatogenesis

A

Testis

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13
Q

__________ is the creation of gametes within the gonads. In humans, gametes are haploid cells with 23 chromosomes that develop by meiosis from diploid cells with 46 chromosomes.

A

Gametogenesis

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14
Q

T or F

Sperm develop within seminiferous tubules in the testes

A

True

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15
Q

Spermatogenesis produces _____ gametes but oogenesis results in only _____ gamete from each parent cell

A

Four; one

16
Q

T or F

Sperm are small, motile, and contain relatively few nutrients, while eggs are large, nonmotile, and well supplied with nutrients.

A

True

17
Q

__________ prevents fertilization by altering a woman’s cervical mucus so that sperm are blocked from entering the uterus. It can be administered in tablet form (the “minipill”), in timed-release match-sized capsules that are implanted under the skin and last for five years (Norplant), or via injections that last for three months (Depo-Provera)

A

Progestin

18
Q

Chlamydia is the most commonly reported infectious disease in the United States.

A

True

19
Q

A fertility specialist determines that a patient is producing a normal amount of sperm but the semen does not contain enough of the fluids needed to nourish the sperm. Which structures are most likely responsible for this problem?

A

Seminal vesicle and /or the prostate gland

20
Q

Some animals, such as Rotifera and aphids, are able to alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction. Under what conditions might it be advantageous to reproduce asexually? Sexually?

A

Asexual reproduction is favorable in a stable environment with many resources. Sexual reproduction may enhance success in a changing environment by producing genetically variable offspring.

21
Q

A woman has had several miscarriages. Her doctor suspects that a hormonal insufficiency has been causing the lining of the uterus to break down as it does during menstruation, terminating her pregnancies. Treatment with which of the following might help her remain pregnant?

A

HCG

22
Q

Why is it important that the hormones FSH and LH are inhibited after ovulation has occurred in the female cycle? Which female hormones inhibit FSH and LH?

A

Inhibiting FSH and LH after ovulation ensures that another egg will not be released during this cycle. Estrogen and progesterone inhibit FSH and LH.

23
Q

What advantage do abstinence and condoms have over other forms of contraception?

A

They also help prevent the spread of STDs

24
Q

How does a zygote differ from a mature egg (ovum)?

A

A zygote has more chromosomes.

25
Q

If a baby is born missing the outer layer of skin, which of the following layers would have been the most likely site of damage in the embryo?

A

The ectoderm

26
Q

In an embryo, nerve cells grow out from the spinal cord and form connections with the muscles they will eventually control. What mechanism described in this chapter might explain how these cells “know” where to go and which cells to connect with?

A

The nerve cells may follow chemical trails to the muscle cells (induction).

27
Q

A pregnant woman is two weeks past her due date and the doctor decided to induce her labor. The natural hormone that would be needed is __________.

A

Oxytocin

28
Q

The procedure that creates a “test-tube baby” is _________. What does this term literally mean?

A

In vitro fertilization; fertilization “in glass.”

Biology (5 decks)

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