Chapter 26: Female Genitourinary System Flashcards
Is it normal for external genitalia to be engorged at birth?
Yes it is because of mothers hormones
False menses
Common in infant females, called “pseudomenstration”
Leukorrhea
is a thick, whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge
Ambiguous genitalia
rare condition in which an infant’s external genitals don’t appear to be clearly either male or female
When do secondary sex characteristics begin to develop?
At puberty
When does puberty begin for females?
between 9 and 13
Goodell’s sign
It is a significant softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix from increased vascularization
Chadwicks sign
Bluish discoloration of the cervix
Hegar’s sign
Softening of the uterus
Hormone levels with aging. Men vs Female
Female’s hormonal level decreases rapidly in contrast with slow decline in aging male
Menopause
Cessation of menses
Developmental Competence: Aging woman
Vagina becomes shorter, narrower, and less elastic
Decreased vaginal secretions; dyspareunia
Pubic hair thins and grays
Ovaries atrophy are not usually palpable after menopause
Uterus shrinks, droops, protrude, or prolapse, into vagina
With what population is cervical cancer most prevalent
A.A
Female circumcision
Infibulation or female genital mutilation
Removal of the clitoris
Common with aboriginals, christians and muslims
Functional Urinary Incontinence
Inability of usually continent person to reach toilet in time to avoid unintentional loss of urine
Reflex urinary incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine at somewhat predictable intervals when a specific bladder volume is reached
Stress Urinary Incontinence
Sudden leakage of urine occurring with activities that increase abdominal pressure
Total Urinary Incontinence
Continuous and unpredictable passage of urine
Urge Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary passage of urine occurring soon after a strong sense of urgency to void
When asking women questions about their sexual health and activity how should she be positioned?
The woman should be sitting up because an equal-status position is important to establish trust and rapport before the vaginal exam
What position should the female be in during vaginal exam?
Lithotomy exam
What to look at for bimanual exam of vagina
Vaginal Wall, Cervix, Uterus
What is the os?
The external os is the opening in the center of the ectocervix. The endocervix, also known as the endocervical canal, is a passage that connects the vagina to the uterus. The internal os is the opening into the uterus from the cervix.
HPV vaccinations
Gardasil and Ceravix
When should a pap smear be done?
21
STDs
Herpes, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia
HPV
- Vaccines don’t protect from all types of HPV
- Condoms may not protect against HPV because areas not covered by condom can be exposed to virus
Pediculosis pubis “crab lice”
S: severe perineal itching
O: Excoriations and erythematous areas. May see little dark spots, nits adherent to pubic hair near roots. Usually localized
Syphilitic chancre
O: STI begins small, solitary silvery papule that erodes to a red, round oval. Non-tender indurated base. Can be lifted like a button. Resolves spontaneously.
Red rash, contact deermititis
S:History of skin contact with allergenic substances in environment, intense pruritus
O: Primary lesions, red, swollen vesicles. Weeping lesions, crust, scales, thickening of skin, excoriations from scratching. Can be due to using feminine hygiene spray or synthetic clothing
Herpes simplex virus, type 2 herpes genitalia
S: episodes of local pain, dysuria and fever
O: Clusters of small, shallow, vesicles with surrounding erythema; erupts on genital area and thigh. Inguinal adenopathy
Virus lays dorment indefinitely
Infection lasts 3 - 10 days
Candidiasis
A fungal infection typically on the skin or mucous membranes caused by candida.
Chlamydia
Is found in infected semen and vaginal fluids.
It’s a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can be passed on through sex without a condom or sharing sex toys with someone who has chlamydia (even if they don’t have symptoms), or from a pregnant woman to her unborn baby.
Gonorrhea
A sexually transmitted bacterial infection that, if untreated, may cause infertility.
Affects urethra, rectum, throat
Hematuria
Blood in urine
Dysuria
Pain with urination
Polyuria
Urinating a lot
Nocturia
Frequent urination at night
Anuria
Failure of the kidney to produce urine
Oliguria
Production of abnormally small amounts of urine
Glycosuria
a condition characterized by an excess of sugar in the urine, typically associated with diabetes or kidney disease
Ketonuria
the excretion of abnormally large amounts of ketone bodies in the urine, characteristic of diabetes mellitus, starvation, or other medical conditions.
Proteinuria
the presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine, which may indicate damage to the kidneys.
Enuresis
involuntary urination, especially by children at night.
When do vesicles on the labia rupture with HSV2
1-3 days
Hw long does the initial infection of HSV2 last?
7-10 days
HPV genital warts
S: painless, warty growths
O: pink or fleshy soft pointed, moist, warty papules. Single or multiple cauliflower patches. Occurs around vulva. Most common STI.
