Chapter 24: Male genitourinary System Flashcards
Where do the lymphatics of the penis and scrotal surface drain into?
The inguinal lymph nodes
Where do the lymphatics of testes drain into?
Abdominal lymph nodes (are not accessible to clinical examination)
Hypospadias
A condition in which the opening of the penis is on the underside rather than the tip
Epispadias
The urethra ends in an opening on the upper aspect of the penis
Phimosis
Can’t retract the foreskin and can cut off your circulation
Circumcision benefit
Lower rate of infection and certain STIs (especially syphilis and genital herpes)
Hydrocele
A fluid filled sac around a testicle, often first notices as swelling of scrotum
Cryptorchidism
a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum.
If undescended: can become infertile and at risk for testicular cancer
Signs of sexual molestation
Bruising
Abnormal behaviors of the child during the exam
If someone has an STI or STD before 10-14
When does sperm production decrease?
Middle age around 40
But sperm is produced into the 80’s & 90’s
Withdrawal from sexual activity reasons
Loss of spouse, depression, Work, Marital conflict, medication, alcohol, lack of privacy, living with adult children or in a nursing home, economic or emotional stress, poor nutrition or fatigue
ESRD (“Kidney Disease” two main causes)
Hypertension & Diabetes
Kidney disease is prevalent in what groups?
African Americans, American Indians & Hispanics are more likely to be affected
When you inspect and palpate the scrotum, how should it feel?
Testes should slide easily
Around what age does testicular cancer occur?
15 - 35
TSE
Testicular self exam
T- timing once a month
S - do it in the shower because warm water relaxes scrotal sac. Hold scrotum in your palm and use your thumb and first two fingers
E - examine and check for and report changes immediately
Symptoms of testicular cancer
a firm, painless lump, a hard area, or an overall enlarged testicle, call your physician for further check
Blue pee is due to
Medication, dye from prostate exam, asparagus
Dark gray pee is due to
Urine with melanin
Tea colored pee is due to
Liver disease, myoglobinuria, medications, blood in urine
Pink pee is due to
menses, food, laxatives, kidney stones, UTI
Red pee is due to
Blood, nephritis, cancer, prostate surgery
Orange pee is due to
Medication such as rifampin and coumadin, foods, laxatives, dehydration, jaundice
Amber pee is due to
Dehydration, laxatives, B complex vitamins
Pale yellow pee means
acute viral hepatitis, cirrhosis
Glycosuria
Too much sugar in the pee
Ketouria
Ketones in the pee
Proteinuria
Due to renal problems, too much protein in the pee
What does BUN measure
Measures urea (end product of protein metabolism)
Serum analysis of kidney function correlates with what?
Creatinine level (end product of muscle metabolism)
Peeing a lot is common in which individuals?
Those with diabetes insipidus (disorder of salt and water metabolism)
Is gradual enlargement of the prostate gland normal during the aging process?
Yes but Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) has similar symptoms as prostate cancer
Who is at risk for prostate cancer?
African Americans and/or men who have a first-degree relative (father, brother, or son) diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age (younger than 65) should be offered testing earlier
If someone has prostate cancer are their PSA levels increased or decreased?
Increase
Tinea Cruris
Fungal infection in the crural fold, not extending to scrotum, occuring in postpubertal males. “Jock itch”
Genital Herpes (HSV-2 infection)
Cluster of small vesicles with surrounding erythema, which are often painful and erupt on the glans, foreskin, or anus
Initial infection lasts 7 - 10 days
Syphilitic chancre
Begins within 2 - 4 weeks of infection as a small, solitary, silvery papule that erodesto a red, round oval, superficial ulcer with a yellowish serous discharge
Non tender indurated base
Lymph nodes enlarged
Genital warts, HPV
Soft, pointed, moist, fleshy, painless papules.
Cauliflower like patches
Color may be gray, pale yellow or pink in white males and black or translucent-gray in black malesCaused by HPV
One of the most common STIs
Carcinoma
Begins as red, raised, warty growth or as an ulcer with watery discharge.
May necrose and slough
Usually painless
Usually on glans or inner lip of foreskin
Enlarged lymph nodes are common
Paraphimosis
Only effects uncircumcised penis’s
It develops when the foreskin can no longer be pulled forward over the tip of the penis
Priapism
Prolonged erection of the penis, usually without sexual arousal
Ur/o
Urine
Nephr/o, Ren/o
Kidney
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis
Ureter/o
Ureter
Cyst/o
Bladder
Urethr/o
Urethra
