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Health Assessment Exam 3 > Chapter 22: Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Function of musculoskeletal system

A
  • Provides structure and movement for the body
  • Consists of bones, skeletal muscles, and joints
  • Allows the body to stand erect and move
  • Supports and protects organs
  • Produces red blood cells
  • Stores fat and minerals
  • Generates heat
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2
Q

Non synovial joints

A

Synovial joints are bones united by fibrous tissue or cartilage are

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3
Q

Example of a immovable non synovial joint

A

Suture in the skull

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4
Q

Example of a slightly moveable non synovial joint

A

Vertebrae

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5
Q

Synovial joints

A

Freely moveable because bones are separated and enclosed in joint cavities
**Cavity filled with lubricant, or synovial fluid; synovial fluid allows sliding which permits movement

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6
Q

Example of a pivot joint

A

Between C1 and C2 vertebrae

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7
Q

Example of a Ball and socket joint

A

Hip joint

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8
Q

Example of condyloid joint

A

Between radius and carpal bones of the wrist

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9
Q

Example of plane joint

A

Between tarsal bones

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10
Q

Example of saddle joint

A

Between trapezium carpal bones and 1st metacarpal bone (thumb and wrist bone)

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11
Q

Example of a hinge joint

A

Elbow

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12
Q

How is movement produced?

A

When muscles contract

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13
Q

What are the 3 kinds of muscles?

A

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

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14
Q

Are skeletal and voluntary muscles under conscious or unconscious control?

A

Conscious control

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15
Q

TMJ

A

Articulation of mandible and temporal bone

TMJ permits jaw function of speaking and chewing

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16
Q

What three motions does TMJ produce?

A

Hinge action to open and close jaws
Gliding action for protrusion and retraction
Gliding for side-to-side movement of lower jaw

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17
Q

How many of each vertebrae are there?

A 
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3 to 4 coccygeal
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18
Q

Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)

A

Inward turning foot

Including: 1) inversion 2) forefoot adduction 3) foot pointing downwards (equinus)

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19
Q

Metatarsus adductus

A

Turning of forefront of foot

Metatarsals bones deviate inward

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20
Q

Ortolani and Barlows test

A

Examination of the newborn:

Ortolani is abducting the hips, Barlows is adducting the hips

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21
Q

Allis test (Galeazzi)

A

Patient flat, both knees up, with heels to the butt, the knees should be the same level unless there is hip dislocation

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22
Q

Signs of Neural tube defect

A

Tuft of hair, Skin dimpling

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23
Q

What to keep in mind regarding clavicles when delivering a baby

A

Can fracture when infant delivered vaginally

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24
Q

Polydactyl

A

Multiple digits

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25
Syndactyl
Webbed fingers
26
Lordosis
Lower spine curves in and butt pops out
27
Genu Varum
Bowlegged
28
Genu valgum
Knock-knees
29
Scoliosis screening
No curvature of the spine | Shoulder, Hip and Scapula symmetry
30
When does the last epiphyses close
Age 20
31
Developmental competence in the pregnant woman
Increased levels of circulating hormones cause increased mobility in joints Lordosis Lower back pain Waddle gait
32
Developmental competence in aging adults
``` Bone reabsorption occurs more rapidly Postural changes leading to decreased height Loss of subcutaneous fat Loss in muscle mass (atrophy) Osteoporosis ```
33
Osteoporosis factors
Alcohol use, Corticosteroid use, Low Calcium, Low estrogen, Smoking, Sedentary lifestyle
34
Morse fall risk scale
High risk: 45 or higher Moderate risk: 25 - 44 Low risk: 0 - 24
35
What is the rating for full muscle strength?
5
36
Signs of TMJ
Pain, Deviation and Swelling | Audible and palpable snap or click (occurs often)
37
What are you assessing when you are assessing the cervical spine?
Alignment of head and neck Sternomastoid, trapezius
38
What upper extremity movements in the shoulder do you do during an assessment
Shrug shoulders Raising arms Rotating arm
39
What upper extremity movements in the elbow do you do during an assessment
Flex elbows and rotate forearm
40
What upper extremity movements in the wrist and hand do you do during an assessment?
Roll Wrists | Spread fingers in and out
41
Phalen's Test
Flexion of wrist at 90 degrees, no pain | Positive if pain
42
Tinel's sign
Tap median nerve | If Pain, Positive
43
Which lower extremities do you do assessments on
Hip Knee Ankle and foot
44
Knee: Bulge sign
For swelling in suprapatellar pouch, bulge sign confirms presence of fluid as you try to move fluid from one side of joint to other.
45
Knee: Ballottement or Patella
Test reliability when larger amounts of fluid are present | Tap Patella, if it rebounds against your fingers, fluid is present
46
McMurray's Test
Special test for meniscal tears | Rotation test for demonstrating torn cartilage of the knee.
47
Lasegue's Test "Straight leg test"
Maneuvers reproduce back and leg pain and may confirm presence of herniated disc
48
Inflammatory conditions of the joints
Rheumatoid arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis
49
Degenerative conditions of the joints
Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis
50
Osteoarthritis
* *Degenerative joint disease - Only joints affected - Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune - Non inflammatory, localized, progressive disorder involving deterioration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone and formation of new bone on surface
51
Osteoporosis
Bone reabsorption Decrease in bone mass and bone mineral density Inflammation of joints Can lead to hip fractures in the aging adult at the femur cross section
52
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of synovial tissues Bone erosion, swollen inflamed synovial membrane, worn down cartilage, reduced joint space
53
Swan-neck and boutonniere deformities, Ulnar deviation or drift are signs of what
Seen in late stage rheumatoid arthritis
54
Degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis
a common “wear and tear” disease that occurs when the cartilage that serves as a cushion in the joints deteriorates. This condition can affect any joint but is most common in knees, hands, hips, and spine.
55
Heberden nodes
Bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes). Also a sign of osteoarthritis
56
Bouchard nodes
Bony enlargements in the of the middle joints of the fingers, also known as proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, sign of osteoarthritis
57
Swan neck
Hyperextension of the proximal inter-phalangeal joint, and flexion of the distal inter-phalangeal joint
58
Boutonniere deformity
Knuckle looks as if its been pushed through a button hole | Flexion of proximal inter-phalangeal joint w/ compensatory hyperextension of distal inter-phalangeal joint
59
Acute rheumatoid arthritis
Painful swelling and stiffness of joints with fusiform or spindle-shaped swelling of the soft tissue of proximal inter-phalangeal joints
60
Ulnar deviation
Finger drift to the ulnar side because of stretching of the articular capsule and muscle imbalance
61
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Fusion of inflamed vertebrae | Chronic, progressive inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints
62
Osteoarthritis signs
Asymmetric joint involvement Affected joints have stiffness Swelling with hard, bony protuberances Pain with motion and limitation of movements
63
Signs of spina bifida
Incomplete closure of posterior part of the vertebrae resulting in neural tube defect Signs: skin defect along spine, protrusion of sac containing meninges, spinal fluid, malformed spinal cord,
64
Myelomeningocele
Sign of spina bifida | Which the meninges and neural tissue protrude
65
Congenita; dislocated hip
Head of femur is displaced out of the cup-shaped acetabulum | Positive trendelenburg sign in older children is a sign
66
Trendelenburg sign
A positive test is one in which the pelvis drops on the contralateral side during a single leg stand on the affected side.

Health Assessment Exam 3 (6 decks)

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