Chapter 26 Exam III

Question 1

The ___ ___ is a layer of collagen fibers that covers the outer surface of the entire organ

Answer 1

Fibrous Capsule

Question 2

The ___ ___ ___ is a thick layer of adipose tissue that surrounds the fibrous capsule.

Answer 2

Perinephric Fat Capsule

Question 3

What is the renal fascia?

Answer 3

Anchors the kidney to surrounding structures

Question 4

Describe the renal sinus.

Answer 4

An internal cavity within the kidney

Question 5

As the renal artery enters the renal sinus it provides blood to which arteries?

Answer 5

Segmental Arteries

Question 6

Segmental arteries divide into a series of ___ ___ which radiate outward to through renal columns between the renal pyramids

Answer 6

Interlobar Arteries

Question 7

The interlobar arteries supply blood to the ___ ___ which arch along the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney

Answer 7

Arcuate Arteries

Question 8

Each accurate artery gives rise to a number of ___ ___ arteries, AKA interlobular arteries.

Answer 8

Cortical Radiate

Question 9

Branching fr each cortical radiate artery are numerous ___ ___.

Answer 9

Afferent arterioles

Question 10

Most renal nerve fibers are ___ postganglionic fibers fr the ___ plexus and inferior ____ nerves

Answer 10

Sympathetic
Celiac
Splanchnic

Question 11

What are the 2 results of sympathetic innervation of the urinary system?

Answer 11

Adj rate of urine formation

Stimulates release of renin

Question 12

What are the smallest functional units of the urinary system?

Answer 12

Nephrons

Question 13

What are the 2 parts of the nephron?

Answer 13

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Tubule

Question 14

The ___ ___ is a spherical structure consisting of the glomerular (Bowmans) capsule a cup shaped chamber and a capillary network called a glomerulus.

Answer 14

Renal Corpuscle

Question 15

The capillary network within the renal corpuscle is called what?

Answer 15

Glomerulus

Question 16

The renal corpuscle consists of what 2 structures?

Answer 16

Glomerular (Bowmans) capsule

Glomerulus

Question 17

The renal tubule is a long tubular passageway that begins where?

Answer 17

At the renal corpuscle

Question 18

Blood arrives at the renal corpuscle by way of an ___ arteriole and is delivered to where?

Answer 18

Afferent

Glomerulus

Question 19

How does blood exit the glomerulus?

Answer 19

Via an efferent arteriole

Question 20

Filtration produces an essentially protein free solution known as ___.

Answer 20

Filtrate

Question 21

1. Reabsorbing useful organic nutrients in filtrate
2. Reabsorbing 90% of H2O in filtrate
3. Secrete into tubule lumen waste products that did not
   pass into filtrate at Glomerulus
   These 3 are functions of what structure?

Answer 21

The renal tubule

Question 22

Name the 2 convoluted sections of the renal tubule.

Answer 22

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 23

What 2 names are given to the U shaped loop that separates the PCT and DCT?

Answer 23

Nephron Loop

Loop of Henle

Question 24

Each nephron empties into the ___ ___ a series of tubes that carry tubular fluid away fr the nephron.

Answer 24

Collecting System

Question 25

Each collecting duct begins in the ___ and descends into the ___carrying fluid to a ___ duct that drains into the minor calyx.

Answer 25

Cortex
Medulla
Papillary

Question 26

Roughly 85% of nephrons are ___ nephrons located almost entirely within the superficial cortex of the kidney.

Answer 26

Cortical

Question 27

What is the name given to the network of capillaries that are fed by efferent arterioles?

Answer 27

Peritubular

Question 28

The other 15% of nephrons, called ___ nephrons, have long nephron loops that extend deeply into the medulla.

Answer 28

Juxtamedullary

Question 29

In juxtamedullary nephrons, peritubular capillaries are connected to the ___ ___ long straight capillaries that parallel nephron loop.

Answer 29

Vasa Recta

Question 30

The renal corpuscle includes both the what and what?

Answer 30

Glomerular Apparatus

Capillary network of the glomerulus

Question 31

What are macula dense cells and what are their function?

Answer 31

Osmoreceptors that detect changes in osmolarity of filtrate

Question 32

Juxtaglomerular cells make renin in response to what?

Answer 32

Decreases in BP and Blood vol

Question 33

The outer wall of the glomerular capsule is lined by what?

Answer 33

Simple squamous capsular epithelium

Question 34

What space separates the capsular and visceral epithelia?

Answer 34

Capsular Space

Question 35

The visceral epithelium of the renal corpuscle is continuous consists of lg cells w/complex processes or “feet” that wrap around the specialized dense layer of glomerular capillaries. These cells are known as what?

Answer 35

Podocytes

Question 36

The feet of podocytes are known as what?

Answer 36

Pedicels

Question 37

Materials passing out of the blood at the glomerulus must be sm enough to pass between narrow gaps called ___ ___ between pedicels

Answer 37

Filtration Slits

Question 38

___ cells are special supporting cells that lie between adjacent capillaries.

Answer 38

Mesangial

Question 39

What causes water and sm solutes across the filtration membrane & into capsular space?

Answer 39

Blood Pressure

Question 40

After filtration, where does reabsorption take place?

Answer 40

In the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 41

The ___ ___ tubule is the 1st segment of renal tubule and is located almost directly opposite the point where afferent and efferent arterioles connect to glomerulus

Answer 41

Proximal convoluted

Question 42

The lining of the PCT is ___ ___ epithelium whose apical surfaces have microvilli.

Answer 42

Simple cuboidal

Question 43

What is the name given to the interstitial fluid surrounding the renal tubule?

Answer 43

Peritubular fluid

Question 44

The nephron loop (AKA ___ of ___) can be divided into what 2 limbs?

Answer 44

Descending

Ascending

Question 45

page 963

Answer 45

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