Chapter 26 Exam III Flashcards
The ___ ___ is a layer of collagen fibers that covers the outer surface of the entire organ
Fibrous Capsule
The ___ ___ ___ is a thick layer of adipose tissue that surrounds the fibrous capsule.
Perinephric Fat Capsule
What is the renal fascia?
Anchors the kidney to surrounding structures
Describe the renal sinus.
An internal cavity within the kidney
As the renal artery enters the renal sinus it provides blood to which arteries?
Segmental Arteries
Segmental arteries divide into a series of ___ ___ which radiate outward to through renal columns between the renal pyramids
Interlobar Arteries
The interlobar arteries supply blood to the ___ ___ which arch along the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney
Arcuate Arteries
Each accurate artery gives rise to a number of ___ ___ arteries, AKA interlobular arteries.
Cortical Radiate
Branching fr each cortical radiate artery are numerous ___ ___.
Afferent arterioles
Most renal nerve fibers are ___ postganglionic fibers fr the ___ plexus and inferior ____ nerves
Sympathetic
Celiac
Splanchnic
What are the 2 results of sympathetic innervation of the urinary system?
Adj rate of urine formation
Stimulates release of renin
What are the smallest functional units of the urinary system?
Nephrons
What are the 2 parts of the nephron?
Renal Corpuscle
Renal Tubule
The ___ ___ is a spherical structure consisting of the glomerular (Bowmans) capsule a cup shaped chamber and a capillary network called a glomerulus.
Renal Corpuscle
The capillary network within the renal corpuscle is called what?
Glomerulus
The renal corpuscle consists of what 2 structures?
Glomerular (Bowmans) capsule
Glomerulus
The renal tubule is a long tubular passageway that begins where?
At the renal corpuscle
Blood arrives at the renal corpuscle by way of an ___ arteriole and is delivered to where?
Afferent
Glomerulus
How does blood exit the glomerulus?
Via an efferent arteriole
Filtration produces an essentially protein free solution known as ___.
Filtrate
- Reabsorbing useful organic nutrients in filtrate
- Reabsorbing 90% of H2O in filtrate
- Secrete into tubule lumen waste products that did not
pass into filtrate at Glomerulus
These 3 are functions of what structure?
The renal tubule
Name the 2 convoluted sections of the renal tubule.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Distal Convoluted Tubule
What 2 names are given to the U shaped loop that separates the PCT and DCT?
Nephron Loop
Loop of Henle
Each nephron empties into the ___ ___ a series of tubes that carry tubular fluid away fr the nephron.
Collecting System
Each collecting duct begins in the ___ and descends into the ___carrying fluid to a ___ duct that drains into the minor calyx.
Cortex
Medulla
Papillary
Roughly 85% of nephrons are ___ nephrons located almost entirely within the superficial cortex of the kidney.
Cortical
What is the name given to the network of capillaries that are fed by efferent arterioles?
Peritubular
The other 15% of nephrons, called ___ nephrons, have long nephron loops that extend deeply into the medulla.
Juxtamedullary
In juxtamedullary nephrons, peritubular capillaries are connected to the ___ ___ long straight capillaries that parallel nephron loop.
Vasa Recta
The renal corpuscle includes both the what and what?
Glomerular Apparatus
Capillary network of the glomerulus
What are macula dense cells and what are their function?
Osmoreceptors that detect changes in osmolarity of filtrate
Juxtaglomerular cells make renin in response to what?
Decreases in BP and Blood vol
The outer wall of the glomerular capsule is lined by what?
Simple squamous capsular epithelium
What space separates the capsular and visceral epithelia?
Capsular Space
The visceral epithelium of the renal corpuscle is continuous consists of lg cells w/complex processes or “feet” that wrap around the specialized dense layer of glomerular capillaries. These cells are known as what?
Podocytes
The feet of podocytes are known as what?
Pedicels
Materials passing out of the blood at the glomerulus must be sm enough to pass between narrow gaps called ___ ___ between pedicels
Filtration Slits
___ cells are special supporting cells that lie between adjacent capillaries.
Mesangial
What causes water and sm solutes across the filtration membrane & into capsular space?
Blood Pressure
After filtration, where does reabsorption take place?
In the proximal convoluted tubule
The ___ ___ tubule is the 1st segment of renal tubule and is located almost directly opposite the point where afferent and efferent arterioles connect to glomerulus
Proximal convoluted
The lining of the PCT is ___ ___ epithelium whose apical surfaces have microvilli.
Simple cuboidal
What is the name given to the interstitial fluid surrounding the renal tubule?
Peritubular fluid
The nephron loop (AKA ___ of ___) can be divided into what 2 limbs?
Descending
Ascending
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