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BI 212 Exam III > Chapter 24 Digestive > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

___ takes place when materials enter the digestive tract through the mouth.

A

Ingestion

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2
Q

What is mechanical processing?

A

Crushing & shearing that makes materials easier to propel along the digestive tract.

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3
Q

___ refers to the chem breakdown of food into small organic fragments suitable for absorption by digestive epithelium.

A

Digestion

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4
Q

___ is the release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers and salts by the epithelium of the digestive tract and by glandular organs.

A

Secretion

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5
Q

What is absorption?

A

Mvmt of organic molecules, vitamins, electrolytes & water across digestive epithelium & into interstitial fluid of digestive tract

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6
Q

___ is removal of waste products from body fluids.

A

Excretion

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7
Q

What parts of the digestive tract is responsible for mechanical processing, moistening and mixing with salivary secretions?

A

Oral cavity
Teeth
Tongue

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8
Q

Which part of the digestive tract is responsible for muscular propulsion of materials into the esophagus?

A

Pharynx

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the esophagus?

A

Transport of materials to the stomach

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10
Q

The stomach is responsible for what?

A

Chemical & mechanical breakdown of materials

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11
Q

The ___ ___ is responsible for enzymatic digestion & absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins and ions.

A

Small intestine

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12
Q

Dehydration & compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination is accomplished by the ___ ___.

A

Large Intestine

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the salivary glands within the digestive system?

A

Secretion of lubricating fluid containing enzymes that break down carbs

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14
Q

What are 2 primary functions of the liver as it relates to ht digestive system?

A

Secretion of bile

Storage of nutrients

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15
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Storage and concentration of bile

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16
Q

The cells of what organ secrete buffers & digestive enzymes & hormones?

A

Pancreas

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17
Q

The lining of the digestive tract protects surrounding tissues from what 3 things?

A

Corrosive digestive acids & enzymes
Mechanical stresses
Bacteria

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18
Q

What lines the peritoneal cavity?

A

Serous membrane consisting of superficial mesothelium covering a layer of areolar tissue

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19
Q

The ___ peritoneum covers organs which project into the peritoneal cavity where as the ___ peritoneum lines inner surfaces of the body wall.

A

Visceral

Parietal

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20
Q

A build up of fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to liver or kidney disease or heart failure leading to abd swelling is known as ___.

A

Ascites

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21
Q

Portions of the digestive tract suspended within peritoneal cavity by sheets of serous membrane that connect parietal peritoneum w/visceral peritoneum are known as what?

A

Mesenteries

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22
Q

What are mesenteries made up of?

A

Double sheets of peritoneal membrane

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23
Q

The ___ ___ stabilizes the position of the stomach & provides an access route for blood vessels & other structures entering of leaving the liver.

A

Lesser Omentum

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24
Q

Which ligament helps to stabilize the liver relative to the diaphragm & abd wall?

A

Falciform

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25
Q

All but the first 25 cm of the small intestine is suspended by the ___ ___ a thick mesenterial sheet.

A

Mesentery proper

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26
Q

Organs that lie posterior to rather than surrounded by the peritoneal cavity are said to be ___.

A

Retroperitoneal

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27
Q

A ___ is a mesentery assoc with a portion of the lg intestine.

A

Mesocolon

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28
Q

The ___ mesocolon supports the transverse colon and the ___ mesocolon supports the sigmoid colon.

A

Transverse

Sigmoid

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29
Q

What are the 4 major layers of the digestive tract?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa

30
Q

The inner lining or mucosa is a mucous membrane consisting of what?

A

Epithelium moistened by glandular secretions & a lamina propria or aerolar tissue

31
Q

What is the function of enteroendocrine cells?

A

Secrete hormones that coordinate activities of digestive tract & accessory glands

32
Q

Folds in the lining of the digestive tract that increase surface areas are known as what?

A

Plicae circulares

33
Q

What is contained within the lamina propria?

A

Aerolar tissue containing blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, lymphatic vessels, smooth muscle cells, scattered lymphoid tissue

34
Q

What is the lamina propria compromised of in the digestive tract?

A

Narrow sheet of smooth muscle & elastic fibers

35
Q

The lamina propria of the pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and duodenum contain what that isn’t in other parts?

A

Secretory Cells of Mucous glands

36
Q

What is the name given to the lamina propria in the digestive tract?

A

Muscularis mucosae

37
Q

The outer margin of the submucosa contains a network of intrinsic nerve fibers and scattered neurons known as the ___ ___.

A

Submucosal Plexus

38
Q

What part of the ANS innervates the enteric nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic

39
Q

The myenteric plexus is or plexus of ___ is a network of parasympathetic ganglia, sensory neurons, interneurons and sympathetic postganglionic fibers

A

Auerbach

40
Q

A serous membrane known as the ____ covers the muscular is externa along most portions of the digestive tract inside the peritoneal cavity

A

Serosa

41
Q

The muscularis externa propels materials from one portion of the digestive tract to another by contractions known as ___.

A

Peristalsis

42
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Muscle contractions that churn and fragment food bolus mixing it with intestinal secretions

43
Q

Name the 4 functions of the oral cavity.

A

Sensory analysis
Mechanical processing
Lubrication
Limited digestion of carbs and lipids

44
Q

The oral cavity is lined by a/an ___ ___ comprised of stratified squamus epithelium

A

Oral Mucosa

45
Q

The mucosae of the cheeks or lateral walls of the oral cavity are supported by what?

A

Pads of fat

Buccinator muscles

46
Q

Anteriorly the mucosa of each cheek is continuous with that of the lips or ____.

A

Labia

47
Q

The ___ is the space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth.

A

Vestibule

48
Q

What is the name given to ridges of oral mucosa that surround the base of each tooth on the alveolar processes of the maxillary bones and mandible.

A

Gingivae

49
Q

What is the name to a dangling process that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx too soon?

A

Uvula

50
Q

On either side of the uvula are 2 prs of muscular ___ ___.

A

Pharyngeal arches

51
Q

The more anterior ___ arch extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue.

A

Palatoglossal

52
Q

What is the name given to the arched opening between the soft palate and the base of the tongue?

A

Fauces

53
Q

The more posterior ___ arch extends from the soft palate to the pharyngeal wall.

A

Palatopharyngeal

54
Q

Along the inferior midline of the tongue is the ___ ___a thin fold of mucus membrane that connects the body of the tongue to the mucosa covering the floor of the oral cavity

A

Lingual Frenulum

55
Q

What are the 2 grps of skeletal muscles that are involved with the tongue?

A

Lg extrinsic tongue muscles

Sm intrinsic tongue muscles

56
Q

Which tongue muscles perform gross mvmts of the tongue?

A

Extrinsic

57
Q

Which tongue muscles change the shape of the tongue & assist extrinsic muscles during precise mvmts as in speech?

A

Intrinsic

58
Q

Which cranial nerve controls both intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

CM XII

Hypoglossal

59
Q

The ___ salivary glands lie inferior to the zygomatic arch and posterior to the surface of the mandible.

A

Parotid

60
Q

The parotid salivary gland secretes what?

A

Serous secretion containing salivary amylase to break down starches

61
Q

Secretions of the parotid salivary gland are drained by the parotid duct which empties where.

A

Vestibule at the second upper molar

62
Q

The ____ salivary glands located in the floor of the mouth secrete mucous that act as a buffer and a lubricant.

A

Sublingual

63
Q

Where do the sublingual ducts open?

A

Either side of the lingual frenulum

64
Q

What salivary glands are located in the floor of the mouth in a depression called the mandibular groove?

A

Submandibular

65
Q

What is secreted by the submandibular glands?

A

Buffers
Glycoproteins called mucins
Salivary amylase

66
Q

Submandibular ducts open into the mouth where?

A

Either side of the lingual frenulum posterior to the teeth

67
Q

What is the function of mucins?

A

Give saliva its lubricating action

68
Q

What enzyme is involved in the processing of material in the mouth?

A

Salivary amylase

AKA Ptyalin or alpha-amylase

69
Q

What is the other name for the Myenteric Nerve Plexus?

A

Plexus of Auerbach

70
Q

What is other name for the submucosal nerve plexus

A

Plexus of Meisner

71
Q

The enteric nerve system is made up of what 2 plexus?

A

Plexus of Auerbach

Plexus of Meisner

72
Q

The enteric nervous sys is thought to be the 3rd division of what?

A

ANS

BI 212 Exam III (3 decks)

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