Chapter 23 Exam III Flashcards
External respiration involves gas exchange between what two structures?
Blood & Alveoli
Internal respiration involves gas exchange between what two structures?
Blood and Body tissues
What type of tissue is there in resp passages?
Sudostratified columnar epithelium
Alveolar & capillary walls are thin permitting what?
Diffusion of gasses
What antibody do asthmatics have too much of?
IgE
Asthma drugs are compiled of what 2 classes of drugs?
Sympathomimentics
Steroids
Type II respiratory cells produce what?
SUrfactant
Simple squamus
Type I cells
___ ___ is a measure if the lung’s “stretchability.”
Lung Compliance
When compliance is abnormally ___ the lungs might fail to hold themselves open and are prone to collapse.
High
When compliance is abnormally ___ WOB is increased.
Low
Which muscles are utilized in breathing?
Diaphragm
Intercostals
An emboli causing a blockage of a branch of the pulmonary artery stops blood flow to a grp of lobules or alveoli is known as a ___ ___.
Pulmonary Embolism
Forced breathing is known as ___.
Hyperpnea
Hyperpnea causes what physiologic result in the body?
Alkalosis
Define tidal volume
Amt of air in and out during 1 resp cycle.
Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume.
Amt of air you can take in over and above tidal volume
Define Expiratory Reserve volume.
Amt of air you can voluntarily expel aft completing normal quiet voluntary resp cycle
Asthmatics have terrible ERVs or IRVs?
ERV
Define Vital Capacity.
Max amt air you can move into or out of your lungs in single resp cycle
What is difference between lung volume and lung capacity?
.
What is residual volume?
Amt of air remaining in lungs aft maximal exhalation
What 3 things keep alveoli inflated.
Surfactant
Residual Volume
Boyle’s Law says what?
For a gas in a closed container, @ constant temp, pressure is inversely proportional to volume
Define anatomic dead space?
Vol of air in conducting passages
Daltons Law says. . . .
That each gas in the atmosphere contributes to the total pressure.
Henry’s Law says. . . .
When gas under pressure comes in contact with a liquid it will diffuse in until equilibrium is reached
Why does oxygen go from lungs to cells?
Due to differences in pressure
Why is the concentration gradient between blood and O2 so much greater than that between CO2 and blood?
Because CO2 is more soluble than O2 therefore requires less gradient to diffuse into blood
What factors cause hemoglobin to hold onto O2?
Metabolic alkalosis
What substance made by RBCs tells Hb to dump O2?
Diphosphoglycerate (DPG)
When a pregnant woman vomits repeatedly what happens to Hb and O2 levels.
Vomiting causes loss of stomach acid causing respiratory alkalosis causing Hb to hold on to O2 and not passing it along to the neonate.
Describe cooperative binding.
cooperative binding means that the binding of one molecule of O2 facilitates or makes easier the binding of subsequent molecules.
_____ is the gas-transport molecule inside erythrocytes.
Hemoglobin
What is Bohr’s Effect?
He said if you change pH you can effect how O2 binds to Hb
According to Bohr as pH decreases what happens to O2 binding to Hb
Hb becomes less saturated with O2 causing a shift to the right on the gas transport graph
According to Bohr as pH increases what happens to O2 binding to Hb?
When pH drops more O2 is released & O2-Hb curve shifts to right
When pH increases, less O2 is released and curve shifts to left
Describe the Haldane effect.
When temperature rises, more O2 is released; O2-Hb saturation curves to the right
What 3 ways do we carry CO2?
As CO2 disolved in plasma
As CO2 bound to Hb (globin protein portion)
As CO2 in RBCs, converted to carbonic acid & brought
to chloride shift
Describe the chloride shift.
exchange of chloride (Cl−) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) between plasma and the erythrocytes occurring whenever HCO3− is generated
What is a nucleus?
Clustering of nerve cells bodies in the CNS
What is the Dorsal respiratory grp?
Contains neurons that control lower motor neurons innervating the external intercostal muscles & diaphragm
What is the V respiratory grp?
Contains neurons that innervate lower motor neurons controlling accessory resp muscles involved in active exhalation
