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Chemistry > Chapter 26 - Carbonyl Compounds > Flashcards

Chapter 26 - Carbonyl Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the carbonyl group?

A

C=O

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2
Q

What is the functional group and general formula for an aldehyde?

A

RCHO

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3
Q

What is the function group for a ketone?

A

RCOR’

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4
Q

How do you name aldehydes

A

-al suffix

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5
Q

How do you name ketone?

A

-one

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6
Q

What kind of intermolecular forces do molecules with the carbonyl group have? Why?

A

Permanent dipole-dipole due to the polar C=O bond

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7
Q

How soluble are carbonyl groups in water?

A

Yes, form H bonds between water molecules and oxygen of C=O

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8
Q

What influences solubility in carbonyl groups?

A

C chain length
C chain length increases, solubitly decreases.

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9
Q

Which bond in carbonyl compounds is usually involved in reaction? Why?

A

C=O, due to the polarity of the bond (difference in electronegativity)

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10
Q

What is the strongest bond in carbonyl compounds?

A

C=O

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11
Q

Why is the addition of HCN important

A

Increases the length of the carbon chain by one carbon atom allowing more useful molecules to be made.

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12
Q

What is the name of the products when HCN is added to a carbonyl compound?

A

Hydroxynitriles

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13
Q

How do you test for a carbonyl compound?

A

Use 2,4 -DNP
Ornage precipitate present is formed

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14
Q

What is in Tollens’ reagent?

A

Silver complex ions in colourless solution

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15
Q

What happens when an aldehyde is added to Tollens’ reagent?

A

Silver mirror forms
Ag + e- -> Ag(s)

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16
Q

What happens when a ketone is added to Tollen’s reagent?

A

No visisble change

17
Q

What is an oxidising reagent for alcohols and aldehydes? What clour change?

A

H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7
From orange to green

18
Q

What is a reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones?

A

NaBH4

19
Q

What ions does the reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones release in the solution?

A

H- ions

20
Q

How do you convert an aldehyde to form a carboxylic acid?

A

Oxidation of aldehydes using K2Cr2O7/H2SO4

21
Q
A

Chemistry (6 decks)

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