Chapter 13 - Alkenes Flashcards
What are alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least on C=C bond made up of a Pi and sigma bond
How is a Pi bond formed?
Electrons in the adjacent P orbitals overlap above and below the carbon atoms.
Only made after sigma bonds are formed
What bond restricts the rotation of carbon atoms?
Pi bnd
What is the angle of a double bond?
120
What is the shape of a double bond?
Trigonal Planar
Why are alkenes more reactive than alkane?
High electron density of double
Pi bond is slightly easier to break.
What intermolecular forces of attraction do alkenes have?
London forces due to non-polar bonds
Are alkenes soluble in water?
No, non polar bonds
What is an electrophile?
Species that are electrons pair acceptors
Major products are formed from which kind of carbocation
- Tertiary
- Or most stable available
In a hydration reaction what conditions are needed for electrophilic addition of H20 to an alkene?
- Steam (H20 (g))
- Acid catalyst
What is the product of hydration reaction?
Alcohol
What is the reaction called when a halogen is added to an alkene?
Halogenation
What are the conditions needed in halogenation?
- H2
Nickel catalyst
What is hydrogenation?
Alkene to Alkane
What is Markownikoffs Rule?
Hydrogen in hydrogen bromide will attach itself to the carbon with
more H atoms attached and less C atoms attached.
What is an addition polymer?
Many polymers bonded together via rearrangement of bonds without loss of any atom/molecule
What are monomer?
Molecules which combine to form a polymer
How can plastics be disposed? (x6)
- Landfill
- Combustion
- Electricity generation
- Reuse
- Recycle
- Organic feedstock
What are disadvantages of recycling?
- Plastics must be sorted into different types
- Expensive
- Labour intensive
- Requires high technology
How does photodegradable polymers break down?
- Broken down chemically using energy with wavelengths similar to light
- Once break down begins process cannot be stopped
What happens in organic feedstock?
Plastics are seperated and broken down into small organic molecules through series of reactions
- Used to produce plastics in other industries
Disadvantage of photodegradable polymers
May not be exposed to sufficient light
