CHAPTER 26 Flashcards
what are some soft tissues?
skin, fatty tissues, muscles, blood vessels, fibrous tissues, nerves, glands, and membranes
true or false: skin filters air?
false
what are the 5 things that skin does for our body
protects, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, shock absorption
_____ is a closed wound that is a bruise
contusion
_____ is a closed wound that is a collection of blood it causes more tissue damage than a contusion and it involves bigger blood vessels
hematoma
these injuries have excessive force crushing or rupturing internal organs ( spleen )
closed crush injuries
blood collected at a injury site?
hematoma
_____ is the bruising that can be associated to a contusion or other injury ( this is the actually injury itself where a contusion is the bruising )
ecchymosis
when you get a _____ bruise it usually means internal bleeding or injury
ecchymosis
when assessing a closed wound injury you have to look at the _____because bruising might not can be seen on scene
MOI
if someone had severe blunt trauma you would assume _____
internal bleeding
when treating closed wound injuries you:
take standard precautions, manage ABC’s, always manage for internal bleeding and shock if there is a possibility of internal bleeding, splint extremities that are swollen, painful and deformed, stay alert for vomiting, monitor patient and transport
this is when your guts are hanging out
eviseration
this is a surgical cut
laceration
examples of open wounds are:
abrasion, laceration, puncture, avulsion, amputation, crush injury ( closed or open ), blast injury
a ____ is when the skin is hanging on in place
avulsion
when treating open wounds:
expose wound, clean surface of wound leaving small stuff on it, control bleeding, care for shock, prevent further contamination, bandage dressings in place after bleeding is controlled, keep patient still, reassure patient its going to be okay
treating abrasions and lacerations:
reduce wound contamination, apply direct pressure to control bleeding, always check a distal pulse and pms distal to injury ( beyond injury )
treatment of puncture wounds:
use caution objects may be embedded deeper than they look, check for exit wounds, assess need for shock, follow local protocols regarding spinal immobilization
treating penetrating wounds:
use caution as objects may be embedded deeper than they appear, check for exit wounds
treating impaled objects:
do not remove, expose wounds, control profuse bleeding by direct pressure, apply several layers of bulky dressings to splint object in place, secure dressings, treat for shock, rapid transport
impaled object in the cheek:
take care that object does not enter oral cavity causing airway obstruction, bleeding into the mouth and throat can cause vomiting and nausea, if you can’t control flow of blood into airway then you’ll have to remove it
treating objects impaled into cheek:
examine wound site both inside and outside of mouth, stabilize in place unless interfering with airway, position patient to allow for drainage, monitor patients airway, dress outside of wound, provide oxygen, care for shock
puncture wound or impaled object in the eye:
stabilize the object, apply rigid protection, treat for shock, hive oxygen, reassure patient, dress and bandage uninjured eye
treating avulsions:
clean wound surface, fold skin back into normal position, control bleeding and dress with bulky dressings, if avulsed parts are completely torn away save in sterile dressing and keep moist with sterile saline
treating amputations:
take steps to control hemorrhage immediately, may need a tourniquet either way apply direct pressure, if the part can be transported wrap it in sterile gauze ( dry) and put it in a ziplock bag over ice don’t let item get wet, if still bleeding apply pressure dressing over stump, use pressure points to control bleeding use tourniquet as needed, try and splint
treating genital injury :
control bleeding, preserve parts if you can, consider if injury suggest another possibly more serious, have a calm professional manner, maintain patients dignity, dress and bandage wound
burns:
may involve more than just skin level structures, burns may affect the patient long term, don’t let a burn distract you from a serious life threatening injury, if respiratory structures are affected swelling may occur causing life threatening obstruction
a ____ burn is like a sunburn
superficial
____ burns are recognized by their blisters and are very painful
partial thickness burns
these burns are chalky, black in color, layers of the skin are burned off, your nerves are burnt off also
full thickness burns
the most painful burn is a ___ burn
partial thickness
when classifying burns we look at what?
agent and source, depth, and severity how bad it is
____ burns involve only the epidermis you have reddening with minor swelling
superficial
____ burns burn the epidermis and dermis, there is intense pain, blisters and mottling and reddening
partial thickness burn
____ burns all the layers of the skin are burned, blackened areas surrounded by dry and white patches
full thickness burns
we use this to determine a burn severity it helps estimate the burn extent, the adult body is divided into 11 parts, each part represents 9% of body surface
rule of nines
what are some things we look at when determining a burn severity:
agent and source, body regions burned, depth of burn, extent of burn, age of patient, other illness and injuries
burns must be classified to determine what:
order and type of care, order of transport, maximum information to provide to emergency department
this is a method we use to determine a burn severity its when you use the patients palm as 1%
palmar method
geriatric and pediatric burns:
minor burn areas in a young adult can be fatal to a geriatric adult
geriatric and pediatric burns:
infants and children have a much greater relationship of body surface are to total body size resulting in greater fluid and heat loss from burned skin
suspect an airway burn if:
you see swelling of the face or throat, singed nasal or facial hairs, black flecks in the septum, burns to face, raspy voice, respiratory distress, sooty smell to breath
treating thermal burns:
stop burning process and cool it running water on it, use sterile dry dressings, ensure an open airway and assess breathing, never apply ointments, butters and sprays, do not break blisters, treat for shock
we loss ____ % of our body heat when we are wet
25
treating chemical burns:
wash away chemical with a continuing flow of water, remove contaminated clothing, apply dry sterile dressings, treat for shock, transport, if dry chemical is brushed off then flush with water
what kind of dressing do you use to treat a thermal burn
dry sterile dressing
______ burns are exposure to high levels of radiation which can harm the body both immediately and later on
radiological burns
_____ burns are extremely harmful, most will present like thermal injuries, see patients only after they have been decontaminated
radiological burns
these are injuries to the nerve pathways, you will usually see an exit and entry, bones may fracture from violent muscle contractions, respiratory/ cardiac arrest are possible
electrical injuries
treating electrical injuries :
provide airway care, be alert and prepared for cardiac rhythm changes be ready to defibrillate, care for spinal and head injuries as well as extremity fractures, evaluate burn sites, cool burn areas and apply dry sterile dressings
a _____ goes on a wound
dressing
a _____ holds the gauze in place it goes around it
bandage
any material applied to the wound to control bleeding and prevent contamination
dressing
any material used to hold dressing in place
bandage