Chapter 26

Question 1

External respiration is the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the ___ & ___?

Answer 1

Atmosphere and mitochondria

Question 2

What is the main mechanism of gas exchange in small aquatic organisms?

Answer 2

Diffusion of gases

Question 3

What enhances diffusion?

Answer 3

Convection

Question 4

How does convection enhance diffusion?

Answer 4

By producing steeper gas gradients across the diffusion barrier

Question 5

What can enhance diffusion aside from convection?

Answer 5

Surface area amplification

Question 6

What is one example of a respiratory pigment?

Answer 6

Hemoglobin

Question 7

What increases the carrying capacity of the blood for both O2 and CO2?

Answer 7

Hemoglobin

Question 8

What are the 6 human aspects of external respiration?

Answer 8

1. Ventilation
2. Circulation
3. Area amplification
4. Gas carriage
5. Local control
6. Central control

Question 9

How is air delivered to the alveolar spaces?

Answer 9

Conducting airways (everything before the alveoli)

Question 10

What are the functional sites of gas exchange?

Answer 10

Alveolar sacs/space

Question 11

What are 3 functions of the lungs aside from gas exchange?

Answer 11

1. Filtration of blood
2. Serves as a reservoir for the left ventricle
3. Biochemical conversion of molecules

Question 12

What tool can measure changes in lung volume?

Answer 12

Spirometer

Question 13

What measurement is a good estimate of lung residual volume?

Answer 13

Volume distribution of helium OR nitrogen

Question 14

What tool and equation can be used to measure lung residual volume?

Answer 14

Plethysmograph, together with Boyle’s Law