chapter 25.3 and 25.4

Question 1

what is the boundary that marks the density change between layers?

Answer 1

discontinuity

Question 2

how are discontinuities identified?

Answer 2

by using seismic waves

Question 3

what is a shadow zone?

Answer 3

where no seismic waves have been recorded

Question 4

what is another term or name for shadow zone?

Answer 4

dead zone

Question 5

what are the degrees that shadow zones fall between?

Answer 5

105 and 140 degrees

Question 6

is the outer core a solid or a liquid?

Answer 6

liquid

Question 7

is the inner core a solid or a liquid? why?

Answer 7

solid because the pressure

Question 8

what makes up the lithosphere

Answer 8

the crust and uppermost mantle

Question 9

what is the asthenosphere?

Answer 9

plastic-like layer which earth’s plates move

Question 10

what element make up the mantle?

Answer 10

calcium, aluminum, iron, and magnesium

Question 11

which elements make up the core?

Answer 11

iron and nickle

Question 12

viscosity

Answer 12

the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

Question 13

silica

Answer 13

chemical compound silicon dioxide which is a common ingredient in most magma

Question 14

cinder cone volcanoes

Answer 14

tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meter range, and have short eruption cycles

Question 15

shield volcanoes

Answer 15

broad, flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

Question 16

composite volcanoes

Answer 16

large and steep-sided, often thousands of meters high and tens or kilometres across the base, and composed of both layers of lava and ash

Question 17

what is molten or liquid rock stored inside earth called?

Answer 17

magma

Question 18

where is the ring of fire located?

Answer 18

Pacific ocean

Question 19

what forms when tectonic plates collide along subduction zone

Answer 19

volcanoes

Question 20

what two specific locations have volcanic activity do to divergence?

Answer 20

Mid-Atlantic ridge

East African Rift Valley

Question 21

are hot spots stationary?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

what are created from hot spots?

Answer 22

islands (the Hawaii islands)

Question 23

if a viscosity is higher, is it going to flow slower or faster?

Answer 23

slower

Question 24

if magma has higher viscosity, is it going to have more silica?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

what is pyroclastic material?

Answer 25

solid material that erupts from a volcano

Question 26

what is the smallest type of pyroclastic material?

Answer 26

ash

Question 27

what is the biggest type or pyroclastic material?

Answer 27

blocks and bombs

Question 28

what types of gasses come from volcanoes

Answer 28

water vapor, carbon dioxide, and something else

Question 29

how are volcanoes classified

Answer 29

size
shape
materials that erupt

Question 30

what are the three types of volcanoes?

Answer 30

cinder cone
composite
shield