chapter 25.3 and 25.4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the boundary that marks the density change between layers?

A

discontinuity

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2
Q

how are discontinuities identified?

A

by using seismic waves

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3
Q

what is a shadow zone?

A

where no seismic waves have been recorded

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4
Q

what is another term or name for shadow zone?

A

dead zone

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5
Q

what are the degrees that shadow zones fall between?

A

105 and 140 degrees

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6
Q

is the outer core a solid or a liquid?

A

liquid

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7
Q

is the inner core a solid or a liquid? why?

A

solid because the pressure

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8
Q

what makes up the lithosphere

A

the crust and uppermost mantle

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9
Q

what is the asthenosphere?

A

plastic-like layer which earth’s plates move

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10
Q

what element make up the mantle?

A

calcium, aluminum, iron, and magnesium

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11
Q

which elements make up the core?

A

iron and nickle

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12
Q

viscosity

A

the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

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13
Q

silica

A

chemical compound silicon dioxide which is a common ingredient in most magma

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14
Q

cinder cone volcanoes

A

tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meter range, and have short eruption cycles

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15
Q

shield volcanoes

A

broad, flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

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16
Q

composite volcanoes

A

large and steep-sided, often thousands of meters high and tens or kilometres across the base, and composed of both layers of lava and ash

17
Q

what is molten or liquid rock stored inside earth called?

18
Q

where is the ring of fire located?

A

Pacific ocean

19
Q

what forms when tectonic plates collide along subduction zone

20
Q

what two specific locations have volcanic activity do to divergence?

A

Mid-Atlantic ridge

East African Rift Valley

21
Q

are hot spots stationary?

22
Q

what are created from hot spots?

A

islands (the Hawaii islands)

23
Q

if a viscosity is higher, is it going to flow slower or faster?

24
Q

if magma has higher viscosity, is it going to have more silica?

25
what is pyroclastic material?
solid material that erupts from a volcano
26
what is the smallest type of pyroclastic material?
ash
27
what is the biggest type or pyroclastic material?
blocks and bombs
28
what types of gasses come from volcanoes
water vapor, carbon dioxide, and something else
29
how are volcanoes classified
size shape materials that erupt
30
what are the three types of volcanoes?
cinder cone composite shield