Chapter 25 Vocab Flashcards
Alexander II
r. 1955-81, Emperor of Russia. Advocated moderate reforms for Russia, emancipated the serfs. He was assassinated
Augsleich
- Refers to the compromise of 1867 which created the dual monarchy of Austria and Hungary
“Blood and Iron”
Refers to Prussian tactics brought about by Otto Von Bismarck. Bismarck’s unification of Germany was through a policy of “Blood and Iron”
Bundesrat
The federal council of Austrian government
Carbonari
A secret society. Designated to overthrow Bonapartist rulers. They were liberal patriots.
Constitutional Monarchy
Monarch rules with limitations by the constitution; written or unwritten
Count Camillo di Cavour
Endorsed the economic doctrines of the middle class. Worked for a secret alliance with Napoleon III against Austria. Worked to unite Italy
Ems Dispatch
A message from William I of Prussia to Napoleon III which brought France into the Franco-Prussian war
Franco-Prussian War
1870-71. War between France and Prussia. Seen as German victory as as a struggle of Darwinism. Led to Prussia being the most powerful European nation. Instigated by Bismarck. France seen as the aggressor.
Frankfurt Assembly
1807-82. An italian radical who emerged as a powerful independent force in Italian politics. He planned to liberate the Two Kingdoms of Sicily.
Giuseppe Mazzini
Italy idealistic patriot. Preached a centralized democratic republic based on universal suffrage and the will of the people.
Grossdeutsch
Great German Party at the Frankfurt Assembly. “Big Germans.”
Kleindeutsch
Little German Party at the Frankfurt Assembly. “Little Germans”.
Liberalism
The base ideas off liberty and equality
Louis Kossuth
Leader of the Hungarians. Demanded national autonomy with full liberties and universal suffrage in 1848
Magyars
In 1867, the Hungarian nobility restored the constitution of 1848 and used it to dominate both the Magyars peasantry and the minority population
Napoleon III
Original Napoleon’s nephew. Consolidated conservative government and the ideals of nationalism
Nationalism
Pride in one’s nation, group, or traditions; a desire for independence
Otto Von Bismarck
1815-1898. Prussian chancellor who engineered the unification of Germany under his rule
Panslavism
A movement to promote the independence of Slav people. Roughly started with the Congress in Prague. Supported by Russia. Led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877
Pogroms
Persecution of minorities, especially the Jews in Russia.
Realpolitik
Political theory, advocated by Bismarck, that national success justifies any means possible. Very Machiavellian.
Red Shirts
Volunteers in Garibaldi’s army
Reichstag
Popularly elected parliament in Germany. Very little power.
Risorgimento
Italian period of history from 1815 to 1850
Russification
Policy imposing Russian customs and traditions on other people.
Second Reform Bill
- conservatives and liberals trying to gain votes. Disraeli’s conservatives extended the vote to almost 1 million more voters
Syllabus of Errors
- Pope Pius IX denounced rationalism, socialism, and separation of church and state
Treaty of Frankfurt
The end of the Franco-Prussian War. Alsace and Lorraine given to Germany
Volksgeist
Idea created by J.G. Herder to identify the national character of Germany, byt soon passed to other countries.
Zemstvos
Local assemblies in Russia
Zollverein
Economic custom union of German States, founded in 1834 by Prussia. Eliminated internal tariffs.
