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310 Lecture > Chapter 25- Vital Signs > Flashcards

Chapter 25- Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 vital signs

A
  • temperature
  • pulse
  • respiration
  • BP
  • pain
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2
Q

Normal pulse rate for adults

A

60-100

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3
Q

Name the 4 types of fever

A
  • intermittent
  • remittent
  • sustained or continuous
  • relapsing or recurrent
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4
Q

Intermittent fever

A

Temperature returns to normal at least once every 24 hours

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5
Q

Remittent fever

A

Temperature does NOT return to normal and fluctuates a few degrees up and down

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6
Q

Sustained/continuous fever

A

Temperature remains above normal with minimal variations

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7
Q

Relapsing/recurrent fever

A

Temperature returns to normal for one or more days with one or more episodes of fever, each as long as several days

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8
Q

Normal Oral Temp for healthy adult

A

97.7–99.5 F

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9
Q

Normal Rectal temp of healthy adult

A

98.7–100.5 F

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10
Q

Normal axillary temp for healthy adult

A

96.7–98.5 F

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11
Q

Normal tympanic temp for healthy adult

A

98.2–100 F

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12
Q

Normal Temporal/Forehead temperature of healthy adult

A

98.7–100.5 F

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13
Q

Heat production

A
  • primary source is metabolism
  • hormones, muscle movement, exercise increase metabolism
  • epinephrine and norepinephrine are released when additional heat is required and alter metabolism
  • thyroid hormone and shivering increase heat production
  • energy production decreases and heat production increases
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14
Q

Sources of heat loss

A
  • skin (primary source)
  • evaporation of sweat
  • warming and humidifying of inspired air
  • eliminating urine and feces
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15
Q

Transfer of body heat to external environment (4 ways)

A
  • radiation
  • convection
  • evaporation
  • conduction
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16
Q

What is the term for the heat that is lost when a person goes a out in the cold without a hat?

A

Radiation

Radiation is the diffusion or dissemination of heat by electromagnetic waves, such as occurs with an uncovered head.

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17
Q

Convection

A

Dissemination of heat by motion between areas of unequal density

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18
Q

Evaporation

A

Conversion of a liquid to vapor

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19
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat to another object during direct contact

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20
Q

Factors affecting body temperature (5)

A
  • circadian rhythms
  • age and gender
  • physical activity
  • state of health
  • environmental temperature
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21
Q

Pulse physiology

A

Regulated by the ANS through the cardiac SA node

22
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation does what to the HR

A

Decreases HR

23
Q

Sympathetic stimulation does what to the HR?

A

Increases HR

24
Q

Define pulse rate

A

The number of contractions over a peripheral artery in 1 minute

25
Q

T/F: The normal pulse rate for adolescents and adults ranges from 60-100 bpm

A

T

26
Q

Characteristics of the peripheral pulse (4)

A
  • rate (normal, tachy, Brady)
  • amplitude and quality (strong or weak)
  • rhythm
  • volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat (stroke volume)
27
Q

Which pulse site is located on the inside of the elbow?

A

Brachial

28
Q

3 parts of respiration

A

Ventilation, diffusion, perfusion

29
Q

Ventilation

A

Movement of air in and out of lungs (inhalation and exhalation)

30
Q

Diffusion

A

Exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the alveoli of the lungs and circulating blood

31
Q

Perfusion

A

Exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the circulating blood and tissue cells

32
Q

T/F: Changes in the rate and depth of inhalation and exhalation are brought about by the inhibition or stimulation of the respiratory muscles by respiratory centers in the medulla and the pons

A

True

33
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal, unlabored respiration; one respiration to 4 heartbeats

34
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased RR, may occur to increased metabolic rate

35
Q

Bradypnea

A

Decreased RR, occurs in some pathologic conditions

36
Q

Apnea

A

Periods when no breathing occurs

37
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

38
Q

Orthopnea

A

Changes in breathing when sitting or standing (able to breathe better when sitting usually)

39
Q

Two types of HTN

A

Primary (essential HTN)

Secondary

40
Q

Primary (Essential) HTN

A

Characterized by an increase above normal in both systolic and diastolic pressures

No known cause

41
Q

Secondary HTN

A

Caused by another disease condition

Common causes: kidney disease, adrenal cortex disorders, aorta disorders

42
Q

Categories of antihypertensive medications (4)

A
  • Diuretics
  • Beta-adrenergic blockers
  • Vasodilators and Calcium channel blockers
  • ACE inhibitors
43
Q

Beta-adrenergic blockers

A

To block sympathetic stimulation and decrease cardiac output (and thus, HR)

44
Q

Vasodilators and calcium channel blockers

A

To relax smooth muscles of arterioles and decrease peripheral vascular resistance

45
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

To prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II and decrease circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone production

46
Q

If breathing rate is too shallow to be counted what should you do?

A

Auscultation lung sounds, count respiration’s, x2

47
Q

Neurogenic fever

A

Result of damage to the hypothalamus by pathologies such as trauma, bleeding, IICP; does not respond to antipyretic medications

48
Q

Conversion of Celsius to Farenhheit equation:

A

(___ x 9/5 + 32)

49
Q

Conversion of farenheit to Celsius

A

( ___ -32 x 5/9)

50
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension is defined as…

A
  • decrease in SBP 20+ mmHg
    OR
  • decrease in DBP 10+ mmHg within 3 minutes of standing when compared to BP from sitting or supine position

310 Lecture (3 decks)

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