Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

310 Lecture > Chapter 24: Asepsis And Infection Control > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Asepsis And Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 components of the infection cycle

A 
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Means of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Infectious agent

A

Bacteria, virus, fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reservoir

A

Natural habitat of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Portal of exit

A

Port of escape for organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Means of transmission (3)

A

Direct contact
Indirect contact
Airborne route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Portal of entry

A

Point at which organisms enter a new host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Susceptible host

A

Must overcome resistance mounted by host’s defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most significant and commonly found infection-causing agent in healthcare institutions?

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the 4 factors that affect an organism’s potential to produce/cause disease

A

Number of organisms
Virulence
Competence of a person’s immune system
Length and intimacy of contact between person and microorganism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Possible reservoirs for microorganisms

A 
Other people
Animals
Soil
Food, water, milk
Inanimate objects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
Which infection or disease may be spread by touching a contaminated inanimate article?
A. Rabies
B. Giardia
C. E.coli
D. Influenza
A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the common portals of exit

A 
Respiratory
GI
GU
Breaks in skin
Blood and tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the stages of infection? (4 stages)

A
  1. Incubation period
  2. Prod royal stage
  3. Full stage of illness
  4. Convalescent period
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

During which stage of infection is the patient most contagious?

A

Prodromal stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is a person most infectious during the prodromal stage?

A

Because they have early signs and symptoms of the disease, but they are often vague and nonspecific. During this stage, the patient often does not realize they are sick or contagious, and it spreads the infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Factors affecting host susceptibility

A
  • intact skin and mucous membranes
  • normal pH levels
  • body’s WBCs
  • Age, sex, race, hereditary factors
  • immunization, natural or acquired
  • fatigue, climate, nutritional and general health status
  • stress
  • use of invasive or in-dwelling medical devices
17
Q

5 cardinal signs of acute infection

A

Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

18
Q

Laboratory data indicating infection

A

Elevated WBC (normal range is 5K-10K/mm3)
Increase in specific types of WBC
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or draining cultures

19
Q

5 moments for hand hygiene

A
  1. Before touching the patient
  2. Before a clean or aseptic procedure
  3. After a body fluid exposure risk
  4. After touching a patient
  5. After touching patient surroundings
20
Q

2 types of bacterial flora

A
  1. Transient- attached loosely on skin, removed with relative ease
  2. Resident- found in creases in skin, requires friction with brush to remove
21
Q

Four Categories Responsible for Majority of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs)

A
  1. Catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI)
  2. Surgical site infection (SSI)
  3. Central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
  4. Ventilator-associated PNA (VAP)
22
Q

Risk factors for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)

A
  • compromised immune system
  • recent surgery
  • invasive devices
  • prolonged abx use (especially with vanc)
  • prolonged hospitalization
23
Q

Recommendations from the CDC to prevent C.diff infection (CDI)

A
  • avoiding the use of electronic equipment that is difficult to clean (electronic thermometers)
  • disinfecting dedicated patient care items and equipment (stethoscopes) between patients
  • using full-barrier contact precautions (gown and gloves)
  • placing patients in private rooms; cohort patients with the same strain of CDI
  • hand hygiene
24
Q

Determining use of sterilization and disinfection methods

A
  • nature of organisms present
  • number of organisms present
  • type of equipment
  • intended use of equipment
  • available means for sterilization and disinfection
  • time
25
Q

T/F: Soaps and detergents (nonantimicrobial agents) are considered adequate for routine mechanical cleansing of the hands and removal of most transient microorganisms

A

T

26
Q

Standard precautions

A
  • used in care of all hospitalized patients regardless of their dx or possible infection status
  • apply to blood, all body fluids, secretions and excretions except sweat (whether or not blood is present or visible), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes
  • new additions are respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, safe injection practices, and directions to use a mask when performing high-risk prolonged procedures involving spinal canal punctures
27
Q

Transmission-Based Precautions

A
  • used in addition to standard precautions in patients with suspected infection with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes
  • include don PPE when enter the room of a patient on contact or droplet precautions- - previously PPE was only required when the nurse was within 3 feet of the patient; these categories recognize that a disease may have multiple routes of transmission
28
Q

Aseptic technique

A

Includes all activities to prevent or break the chain of infection
Two main categories:
- medical asepsis: clean technique
- surgical asepsis: sterile technique

29
Q

Use of surgical asepsis

A
  • operating room, labor and delivery areas
  • certain diagnostic testing areas
  • patient bedside (for example for procedures that involve insertion of a urinary catheter, sterile dressing changes, or preparing and injecting medicine)
30
Q

Indirect contact includes

A

Mosquitos, ticks, and lice are vectors (non human carriers) that transmit organisms from one host to another

Fomite- inanimate object (equipment or countertop)

31
Q

For which clients would a nurse be required to use droplet precautions?

A

Rubella, mumps, diphtheria prioritization

310 Lecture (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions