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Semester 3 Peripheral Vascular Technology > CHAPTER 25 VENOUS HEMODYNAICS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 25 VENOUS HEMODYNAICS Flashcards

1
Q

What is intraluminal pressure?

A

Pressure exerted on the venous wall from WITHIN THE VEINS.

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2
Q

What is interstitial pressure?

A

The pressure exerted on the venous walls from OUTSIDE THE VEINS.

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3
Q

What is transmural pressure??

A

The difference between intraluminal and interstitial pressure.

intraluminal-interstitial = transmural

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4
Q

How is transmural pressure related to intraluminal pressure.

A

Directly

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5
Q

What is known as “across the wall” pressure?

A

Transmural

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6
Q

What does transmural pressure determine?

A

The cross-sectional shape of the veins.

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7
Q

Elliptical or dumbbell shape vein has what 3 things?

A
  1. Lower blood volume
  2. Lower intraluminal pressure
  3. Low transmural pressure
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8
Q

Does an elliptical shaped vein have a higher or lower resistance?

A

Higher resistance

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9
Q

A circular shaped vein has what 3 things?

A
  1. higher intraluminal pressure
  2. Higher blood volume
  3. Higer transmural pressure
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10
Q

Does a circular shaped vein higher or lower resisant?

A

Lower resistant

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11
Q

How are volume and transmural pressure related?

A

directly

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12
Q

What does compliance within the veins allow for?

A

Maintains pressure gradient for blood to flow.

Allows for an increase in blood without an increase in blood pressure.

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13
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

Pressure within a column of fluid extending from the heart to the level where the pressure is being measured.

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14
Q

What is the formula for hydrostatic pressure?

A

Hp=pgh

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15
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure of a supine individual?

A

0mmHg

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16
Q

What is the hydostatic pressure at the ankles of a standing individual?

A

100mmHG

17
Q

Above the heart, what is hydrostatic pressure?

A

Negative

18
Q

In calves with competent venous valves which way will blood flow?

A

One way, or unidirectional.

19
Q

With an effective calf muscle pump, how much of the blood will be ejected?

A

> = to 60%

20
Q

In calves with incompetent venous valves, what way will blood flow?

A

antegrade and retrograde

21
Q

Incompetent valves will have increased what?

A
  1. pressure
  2. pooling
22
Q

Incompetent venous valves will have decreased what?

A
  1. venous return
  2. cardiac output
23
Q

Veins at rest (post contraction) act as what?

A

reservoirs for blood collection, with competent valves, maintain unidirectional movement of blood.

24
Q

What is referred to as the “venous heart”

A

Calf muscles

25
Q

During inspiration the diaphragm does what?

A

Descends

26
Q

During inspiration there is a decrease in what?

A

intrathoracic pressure (in the arms, head and neck).

* Blood loves to go the way of less pressure

27
Q

During inspiration there is an increase in what?

A

intra-abdominal pressure

28
Q

During inspiration, blood increases where?

A

in the arms, head, and neck veins.

29
Q

During expiration, there is an increase where?

A

in the intra-abdominal pressure

30
Q

During expiration, there is a decrease in what?

A

intrathoracic pressure

31
Q

During expiration, blood flow increases where?

A

in the lower extremity

32
Q

Portal vein flow has what 2 qualities?

A
  1. minimially phasic
  2. almost no variation with respiration
33
Q

What does a valsalva maneuver cause?

A
  1. increased intrathoracic pressure
  2. increased intra-abdominal pressure
34
Q

During a valsalva maneuver what is halted?

A

Venous return is halted.

34
Q

What is normal venous flow called?

A

spontaneous

35
Q

What is flow with alternating respirations?

A

Phasic flow

36
Q

Visible flow with hand compression is what?

A

augmentable

37
Q

Vessels close to the heart are what?

A
  1. Pulsatile
  2. bidirectional

Semester 3 Peripheral Vascular Technology (5 decks)

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