Chapter 25 : Orthopedics

Question 1

arthroplasty

Answer 1

joint replacement

Question 2

osteoarthritis

Answer 2

a result of wear and tear causing joint damage, also degenerative joint disease

Question 3

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 3

an autoimmune disorder

Question 4

osteoporosis

Answer 4

caused by a decrease or loss in bone density

Question 5

pathological fracture

Answer 5

when a fracture was caused by weakening of the bone from another disease

Question 6

osteopenia

Answer 6

a reversible weakening of the bone

Question 7

heterotopic ossification (HO)

Answer 7

an orthopedic condition resulting in abnormal bone formation in extra skeletal soft tissues

Question 8

ecchymosis

Answer 8

a discoloration of the skin that is caused by bleeding

Question 9

closed fracture

Answer 9

a fracture that has not broken through the skin

Question 10

open fracture

Answer 10

a fracture where the bone breaks through the skin surface

Question 11

comminuted fracture

Answer 11

fractures with two or more fragments

Question 12

Greenstick fracture

Answer 12

often in children, fracture where bone breaks on one side and bends on the other

Question 13

malunion

Answer 13

when the fracture heals in an abnormal or deformed manner

Question 14

Volkmann’s deformity

Answer 14

severe damage to tissues and muscles caused by increased pressure in the forearm compartments

Question 15

remodeling

Answer 15

the fifth and final stage of bone healing occurring between 6 weeks and 1 year

Question 16

delayed union

Answer 16

when the bone takes more time to heal than is expected

Question 17

nonunion

Answer 17

when a fracture does not heal

Question 18

open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)

Answer 18

a procedure that secures the fracture site with screws, pins, plates and rods

Question 19

complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)

Answer 19

chronic pain with autonomic dysfunction, most common precursor to this complication is a fracture