Chapter 25 Hardware and Software Basics Flashcards
dual bootとは
Some computers are configured with two operating systems so they can dual boot—provide the user with the option of choosing the operating system when the computer is turned on.
embedded operating systemとは
An embedded operating system is used in computer appliances and special-purpose applications, such as an automobile, ATM, or media player and are used for a single purpose. An iPod has a single-purpose embedded operating system.
Utility softwareとは。例を挙げよ
Utility software provides additional functionality to the operating system. Utility software includes antivirus software, screen savers, and anti-spam software.
Application software can be distributed using one of the following 4 methods:
- Single user license—restricts the use of the software to one user at a time.
- Network user license—enables anyone on the network to install and use the software.
- Site license—enables any qualified users within the organization to install the software, regardless of whether the computer is on a network. Some employees might install the software on a home computer for working remotely.
- Application service provider license—specialty software paid for on a license basis or per-use basis or usage-based licensing.
A CPU contains two primary parts:
The control unit interprets software instructions and literally tells the other hardware devices what to do, based on the software instructions.
The arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) performs all arithmetic operations (for example, addition and subtraction) and all logic operations (such as sorting and comparing numbers).
二種類の CPU designを述べよ
Most CPUs are complex instruction set computer (CISC) chips, which is a type of CPU that can recognize as many as 100 or more instructions, enough to carry out most computations directly. Reduced instruction set computer (RISC) chips limit the number of instructions the CPU can execute to increase processing speed.
Volatility とは
Volatility refers to a device’s ability to function with or without power. RAM is volatile, meaning it must have constant power to function; its contents are lost when the computer’s electric supply fails.
Cache Memoryとは
Cache memory is a small unit of ultra-fast memory that is used to store recently accessed or frequently accessed data so that the CPU does not have to retrieve this data from slower memory circuits such as RAM. Cache memory that is built directly into the CPU’s circuits is called primary cache. Cache memory contained on an external circuit is called secondary cache.
Secondary storageとは
Secondary storage consists of equipment designed to store large volumes of data for long-term storage. Secondary storage devices are nonvolatile and do not lose their contents when the computer is turned off.
CDとかハードディスクとか
