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BE 203 > Chapter 25: Body Fluids and Compartments (Discussion 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 25: Body Fluids and Compartments (Discussion 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Liquid Intake (2)

A

Ingest H2O & Foods

Synthesis from oxidation of carbs

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2
Q

Liquid Output (4)

A

Insensible H2O loss (diffusion through skin/evaporation from respiratory membranes)
Sweat
Kidneys (urine)
Feces

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3
Q

Body Fluid Composition

A

3/5 of the body

2/3 Intracellular Fluid (ICF) = 28 L
1/3 Extracellular Fluid (ECF) = 14L

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4
Q

Extracellular Fluid Composition

A

Plasma (3L)

Interstitial Fluid (1L)

Transcellular:

a. Synovial (joints)
b. Peritoneal (abdominal cavity lining)
c. Pericardial (around heart)
d. Cerebrospinal fluid (brain and spine)
e. Intraocular

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5
Q

Blood Composition

A

Plasma, cells, proteins

Blood volume - 5 L

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6
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of blood composed of red blood cells (RBCs)
Men: 0.4
Women: 0.36

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7
Q

Anemia

A

Decreased hematocrit

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8
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increased hematocrit

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9
Q

Donnan Effect

A

Large, impermeable proteins (- charge) in plasma attract cations, slightly higher cation concentration in plasma than interstitium

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10
Q

ICF Ions

A 
K+
Ca++
Mg++
PO4 -3
Protein (mostly - charge)
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11
Q

ECF Ions

A

Na+ (originally sea water)
HCO3-
Cl-

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12
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane to region of higher solute concentration

Cell membranes mostly permeable to water/impermeable to ions.

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13
Q

Osmotic pressure (pi)

A

Amount of pressure needed to oppose osmotic forces

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14
Q

Tonicity

A

Defined w/ relationship to other side of membrane

It is the solute concentration of the ECF in relation to the solute concentration inside the cell

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15
Q

Isotonic

A

Same concentration –> no change

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16
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lower concentration than cell –> increase cell volume

17
Q

Hypertonic

A

Higher concentration than cell –> decrease cell volume

18
Q

What ions account for most solute in ECF

A

Na and Cl (~140 mEq/L)

19
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Decrease Na in plasma

Caused by hypo-osmotic overhydration or hypo-osmotic dehydration

20
Q

Hypo-osmotic Overhydration

A

Excess H2O

Excess ADH (causes H2O reabsorption in kidneys), or drinking a ton of water

↑ICF and ↑ECF volume

21
Q

Hypi-osmotic Dehydration

A

Loss of NaCl

Diarrhea, vomiting, excess diuretics, Addison’s disease (↓ aldosterone [aldosterone helps reabsorb NaCl])

↓ECF and ↑ICF volume

22
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Increase Na in plasma

23
Q

Hyper-osmotic Overhydration

A

Increase in NaCl

↑ aldosterone (Conn’s syndrome)

↑ECF ↓ICF

24
Q

Hyper-osmotic Dehydration

A

Decrease in H2O

Dehydration (sweating), central diabetes insipidus (No ADH), “Nephrogenic” diabetes insipidus (kidneys don’t respond to ADH)

↓ICF and ↓ECF volume

25
Q

Edema

A

Excess fluid buildup in tissues

26
Q

IC edema

A

↓nutrition or ↓metabolism in tissue

–> Damaged ion pumps –> ↑ ICF [ion] –> osmosis of H2O into cell

–> Inflammation –> ↑cell membrane permeability

27
Q

Filtration Rate

A

Kf x (Pcapillaries – PIF - πc+ πIF)

Kf: capillary filtration coefficient
Filtration = Kf x NFP

28
Q

Increase in Pcapillaries

A

Excessive H2O retention (kidneys)

Increase venous pressure (heart failure)

29
Q

Decrease in πc

A

Nephrotic syndrome (↓plasma [protein])

Liver cirrhosis: ↓plasma protein production; Portal vein compressed –> ↑Pc –> fluid build-up in abdomen (ascites)

30
Q

Increase in πIF

A

Lymphatic blockage - prevent IF flow

Due to: infection, cancer, surgery

31
Q

Safety Factors Against Edema (3)

A
  1. Low tissue compliance

Functional at negative pressure (IF is actually more of gel w/o any free fluid)
IF normally ~-3 mmHg

  1. Increase lymphatic flow (can increase x10-50)
    Safety factor of ~7 mmHg
  2. IF “protein washdown” as filtration increases
    Safety factor of ~7 mmHg
32
Q

Effusion

A

Edema in potential spaces

33
Q

Potential Spaces

A

Pleural Cavity
Pericardial
Peritoneal (abdominal effusion is called ascites)
Synovial - joint and bursae (small fluid sacks in joints)

BE 203 (13 decks)

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