Chapter 25 and 26

Question 1

How many essential fatty acids are there?

Answer 1

2 Linoleic and linolenic

Question 2

How many amino acids are there and how many of those are essential?

Answer 2

20 amino acids 8 that are essential

Question 3

Anything that is essential must be acuired through __________________?

Answer 3

one’s diet

Question 4

What do complete protiens contain ?

Answer 4

All 20 amino acids

Question 5

What are some examples of complete proteins?

Answer 5

Milk, dairy, and eggs

Question 6

Incomplete proteins do not contain what?

Answer 6

All 20 amino acids

Question 7

What are some examples of incomplete protiens?

Answer 7

Legumes (beans), nuts, vegtables and grains

Question 8

What are 4 things that cholesterol is needed for production for?

Answer 8

All cell membranes, estrogen&Testerone, all mylen sheaths, bile

Question 9

HDL’s are thought to help prevent what?

Answer 9

heart attacks

Question 10

LDL’s are thought to increase the risk of ____?

Answer 10

Heart attacks

Question 11

What is the definition of metabolism?

Answer 11

summ of all chemial reactions in the body

Question 12

What is the definition of anabolism?

Answer 12

chemical reactions in which bonds are made (requires energy) building

Question 13

What is the definition of catabolism?

Answer 13

chemical reactions in which bonds are broken (releases energy) breaking down

Question 14

What is the definition of glycogenolysis?

Answer 14

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Question 15

What is the definition of glycogenesis?

Answer 15

the formation of glycogen from glucose

Question 16

What is the definition of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 16

the formation of glycogen from non-carbohydrate sources (lipids and protiens)

Question 17

What is ICF?

Answer 17

Intracellular fluid (inside the cell)

Question 18

What is ECF?

Answer 18

Extracellular fluid (outside the cell)

Question 19

What are the 3 main compartments of iCF and ECF?

Answer 19

interstitial fluid-fluid between the cells, plasma-in the blood, lymph-returns fluid back to the blood

Question 20

What are 4 things aldosterone is released as a result of?

Answer 20

low na,high k, low blood pressure, low blood pressure

Question 21

Renin is released in response to ___? And causes the production of __________?

Answer 21

Low blood pressure and angiotensin 2

Question 22

Angiotensin 2 causes ______ and the release of __________&_____________.

Answer 22

vasoconstriction and ADH and aldosterone

Question 23

What are 3 things that increase fluid loss?

Answer 23

increased BP, increased capillary permeability, and CHF

Question 24

Name everything you know about whater intoxication….

Answer 24

ECF is diluted na levels are normal but there is too much water, hyponatremia-causes osmosis water moves into cells causing swelling and bursting causes major problems with nerves and heart

Question 25

Where is the thirst center located?

Answer 25

The hypothalmus

Question 26

Name 3 reasons that the thirst center is activated….

Answer 26

Blood volume decreases, blood na/osmolality increases, BP drops

Question 27

What are the functions of “the big 3” elecrtolytes?

Answer 27

na/k-nervous and muscle and heart contraction ca-bone,teeth, blood clotting and muscle and heart contraction

Question 28

What solutes are found inside of the cell?

Answer 28

k and phosphates

Question 29

What solutes are found outside the cell?

Answer 29

na and cl

Question 30

What are 2 fluid pressures and what do you need to know about them?

Answer 30

hydrostatic pressure-aka bp forces fluid out of a capillary at the arterial end of a capillary colloid osmotic pressure due to proteins in the blood & electrolytes in the interstitial spaces it forces fluid back into the blood at the venous end of a capillay bed

Question 31

Name the 3 chemical buffers and where they are important….

Answer 31

bicarbonate buffer-important in blood , phosphate buffer-important in urine and ICF, plasma protiens-important in blood

Question 32

How do the kidneys regulate acid/basae balance?

Answer 32

They reabsorb and generate hco3 and secrete H