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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 17 (Blood) > Flashcards

Chapter 17 (Blood) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 charachteristics of blood?

A

Sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste

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2
Q

What is the color of blood? And what does it mean?

A

Scarlet (oxygen-rich) to dark red (oxygen-poor)

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3
Q

Is blood temperature higher or lower than body temperature?

A

Higher

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4
Q

What percentage body weight does blood consume?

A

8%

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5
Q

What is the average blood volume for males?

A

5-6 liters

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6
Q

What is the average blood volumes for females?

A

4-5 liters

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7
Q

Name 3 functions of blood

A

substance distribution, regulation of blood levels of particular substance, and body protection

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8
Q

Name a few things that blood transports

A

Oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract, metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs and kidneys for elimination, hormones from endocrine glands to target organs

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9
Q

Name 3 things blood maintains

A

appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat, normal ph in the body tissues using buffer systems, adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system

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10
Q

How does blood prevent its own loss?

A

Activating plasma protiens and platelets, initiating clot formation when a vessel is broken

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11
Q

How does blood prevent infection?

A

Synthesizing and ultilizing antibodies, activating complement protiens, activating WBC’s to defend body against foreign invaders

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12
Q

Whats another name for Erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells

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13
Q

Whats another name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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14
Q

Whats another name for Leukocytes?

A

White blood cells

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15
Q

Whats another name for whire blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

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16
Q

What is the percentage of red blood cells out of the total blood volume?

A

Hematocrit

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17
Q

What is Hematocrit?

A

The percentage of red blood cells out of total blood volume

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18
Q

In composition of blood what are some of the formed elements?

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

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19
Q

Name 5 blood plasma solutes

A

Protiens, non-protien nitrogenous substances, organic nutrients, electrolytes, and respiratory gasas

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20
Q

Name 3 protiens of the blood plasma

A

albumin, globulins, and clotting protiens

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21
Q

Name 3 non-protein nitrogenous substances of the blood plasma

A

lactic acid, urea, and creatinine

22
Q

Name 3 organic nutrients of the blood plasma

A

glucose, carbohydrates, and amino acids

23
Q

Name 5 electrolytes of the blood plasma

A

Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Chloride, Bicarbonate

24
Q

Name 3 respiratory gases of the blood plasma

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide

25
Q

Name 3 things blood maintains

A

appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat, normal ph in the body tissues using buffer systems, adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system

26
Q

Which of the blood cells are the only complete cells?

A

WBC (white blood cells)

27
Q

Which blood cells have no nuclei or organelles?

A

RBC (Red blood cells)

28
Q

In reference to formed elements what are platelets?

A

Just cell fragments

29
Q

How long do formed elements survive in the blood stream?

A

Only a few days

30
Q

Where are blood cells renewed?

A

Bone marrow

31
Q

What is the structural composition of Erythrocytes?

A

(RBC) Biconcave discs, anucleate, essentially no organelles,

32
Q

What are erythrocytes dedicated to?

A

Repiratory gas transport

33
Q

What are Erythrocytes filled with?

A

Hemoglobin (Hb), a protein that functions in gas transport

34
Q

What percentage of Erythrocytes are hemoglobin?

A

97%

35
Q

In Erythrocytes how is ATP generated?

A

anaerobically (without oxygen)

36
Q

In erythocytes what is the hemoglobin function?

A

reversible binds with oxygen and most oxygen in the blood is bound to hemoglobin

37
Q

What is Hemoglobin composed of?

A

Globin, Heme group

38
Q

What is globin composed of?

A

protien made up of 4 chains, 2 alpha and 2 beta

39
Q

How much oxygen can 1 hemoglobin transport?

A

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport 4 molecules of oxygen

40
Q

In the heme group what atom does it bear?

A

Each heme group bears an Iron atom which can bind to one oxygen molecule

41
Q

Where is oxyhemoglobin found?

A

In the arteries

42
Q

Define oxyhemoglobin

A

hemoglobin bound to oxygen

43
Q

Where is deoxyhemolobin found?

A

Lungs and Capillary beds

44
Q

Define Deoxyhemoglobin

A

hemoglobin after oxygen diffuses into tissues (reduces Hb) (only deoxyshore white)

45
Q

Define Carbaminohemoglobin

A

hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide

46
Q

Where is Carbaminohemoglobin found?

A

Found in veins

47
Q

What does hemato refer to?

A

blood

48
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

Red bone marrow of the axial skeleton and girdles epiphyses of the humerus and femur

49
Q

What is Hematopoiesis?

A

blood cell formation

50
Q

What are hemocytoblsts?

A

Stem cells

51
Q

What do hemocytoblasts give rise to?

A

they give rise to all formed elements

52
Q

What does arthro stand for?

A

Red blood cells

Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

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