Chapter 17 (Blood)

Question 1

What are 3 charachteristics of blood?

Answer 1

Sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste

Question 2

What is the color of blood? And what does it mean?

Answer 2

Scarlet (oxygen-rich) to dark red (oxygen-poor)

Question 3

Is blood temperature higher or lower than body temperature?

Answer 3

Higher

Question 4

What percentage body weight does blood consume?

Answer 4

8%

Question 5

What is the average blood volume for males?

Answer 5

5-6 liters

Question 6

What is the average blood volumes for females?

Answer 6

4-5 liters

Question 7

Name 3 functions of blood

Answer 7

substance distribution, regulation of blood levels of particular substance, and body protection

Question 8

Name a few things that blood transports

Answer 8

Oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract, metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs and kidneys for elimination, hormones from endocrine glands to target organs

Question 9

Name 3 things blood maintains

Answer 9

appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat, normal ph in the body tissues using buffer systems, adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system

Question 10

How does blood prevent its own loss?

Answer 10

Activating plasma protiens and platelets, initiating clot formation when a vessel is broken

Question 11

How does blood prevent infection?

Answer 11

Synthesizing and ultilizing antibodies, activating complement protiens, activating WBC’s to defend body against foreign invaders

Question 12

Whats another name for Erythrocytes?

Answer 12

Red blood cells

Question 13

Whats another name for red blood cells?

Answer 13

Erythrocytes

Question 14

Whats another name for Leukocytes?

Answer 14

White blood cells

Question 15

Whats another name for whire blood cells?

Answer 15

Leukocytes

Question 16

What is the percentage of red blood cells out of the total blood volume?

Answer 16

Hematocrit

Question 17

What is Hematocrit?

Answer 17

The percentage of red blood cells out of total blood volume

Question 18

In composition of blood what are some of the formed elements?

Answer 18

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

Question 19

Name 5 blood plasma solutes

Answer 19

Protiens, non-protien nitrogenous substances, organic nutrients, electrolytes, and respiratory gasas

Question 20

Name 3 protiens of the blood plasma

Answer 20

albumin, globulins, and clotting protiens

Question 21

Name 3 non-protein nitrogenous substances of the blood plasma

Answer 21

lactic acid, urea, and creatinine

Question 22

Name 3 organic nutrients of the blood plasma

Answer 22

glucose, carbohydrates, and amino acids

Question 23

Name 5 electrolytes of the blood plasma

Answer 23

Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Chloride, Bicarbonate

Question 24

Name 3 respiratory gases of the blood plasma

Answer 24

oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 25

Name 3 things blood maintains

Answer 25

appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat, normal ph in the body tissues using buffer systems, adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system

Question 26

Which of the blood cells are the only complete cells?

Answer 26

WBC (white blood cells)

Question 27

Which blood cells have no nuclei or organelles?

Answer 27

RBC (Red blood cells)

Question 28

In reference to formed elements what are platelets?

Answer 28

Just cell fragments

Question 29

How long do formed elements survive in the blood stream?

Answer 29

Only a few days

Question 30

Where are blood cells renewed?

Answer 30

Bone marrow

Question 31

What is the structural composition of Erythrocytes?

Answer 31

(RBC) Biconcave discs, anucleate, essentially no organelles,

Question 32

What are erythrocytes dedicated to?

Answer 32

Repiratory gas transport

Question 33

What are Erythrocytes filled with?

Answer 33

Hemoglobin (Hb), a protein that functions in gas transport

Question 34

What percentage of Erythrocytes are hemoglobin?

Answer 34

97%

Question 35

In Erythrocytes how is ATP generated?

Answer 35

anaerobically (without oxygen)

Question 36

In erythocytes what is the hemoglobin function?

Answer 36

reversible binds with oxygen and most oxygen in the blood is bound to hemoglobin

Question 37

What is Hemoglobin composed of?

Answer 37

Globin, Heme group

Question 38

What is globin composed of?

Answer 38

protien made up of 4 chains, 2 alpha and 2 beta

Question 39

How much oxygen can 1 hemoglobin transport?

Answer 39

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport 4 molecules of oxygen

Question 40

In the heme group what atom does it bear?

Answer 40

Each heme group bears an Iron atom which can bind to one oxygen molecule

Question 41

Where is oxyhemoglobin found?

Answer 41

In the arteries

Question 42

Define oxyhemoglobin

Answer 42

hemoglobin bound to oxygen

Question 43

Where is deoxyhemolobin found?

Answer 43

Lungs and Capillary beds

Question 44

Define Deoxyhemoglobin

Answer 44

hemoglobin after oxygen diffuses into tissues (reduces Hb) (only deoxyshore white)

Question 45

Define Carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 45

hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide

Question 46

Where is Carbaminohemoglobin found?

Answer 46

Found in veins

Question 47

What does hemato refer to?

Answer 47

blood

Question 48

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 48

Red bone marrow of the axial skeleton and girdles epiphyses of the humerus and femur

Question 49

What is Hematopoiesis?

Answer 49

blood cell formation

Question 50

What are hemocytoblsts?

Answer 50

Stem cells

Question 51

What do hemocytoblasts give rise to?

Answer 51

they give rise to all formed elements

Question 52

What does arthro stand for?

Answer 52

Red blood cells