Chapter 17 (Blood) Flashcards
What are 3 charachteristics of blood?
Sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste
What is the color of blood? And what does it mean?
Scarlet (oxygen-rich) to dark red (oxygen-poor)
Is blood temperature higher or lower than body temperature?
Higher
What percentage body weight does blood consume?
8%
What is the average blood volume for males?
5-6 liters
What is the average blood volumes for females?
4-5 liters
Name 3 functions of blood
substance distribution, regulation of blood levels of particular substance, and body protection
Name a few things that blood transports
Oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract, metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs and kidneys for elimination, hormones from endocrine glands to target organs
Name 3 things blood maintains
appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat, normal ph in the body tissues using buffer systems, adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system
How does blood prevent its own loss?
Activating plasma protiens and platelets, initiating clot formation when a vessel is broken
How does blood prevent infection?
Synthesizing and ultilizing antibodies, activating complement protiens, activating WBC’s to defend body against foreign invaders
Whats another name for Erythrocytes?
Red blood cells
Whats another name for red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
Whats another name for Leukocytes?
White blood cells
Whats another name for whire blood cells?
Leukocytes
What is the percentage of red blood cells out of the total blood volume?
Hematocrit
What is Hematocrit?
The percentage of red blood cells out of total blood volume
In composition of blood what are some of the formed elements?
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets
Name 5 blood plasma solutes
Protiens, non-protien nitrogenous substances, organic nutrients, electrolytes, and respiratory gasas
Name 3 protiens of the blood plasma
albumin, globulins, and clotting protiens
Name 3 non-protein nitrogenous substances of the blood plasma
lactic acid, urea, and creatinine
Name 3 organic nutrients of the blood plasma
glucose, carbohydrates, and amino acids
Name 5 electrolytes of the blood plasma
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Chloride, Bicarbonate
Name 3 respiratory gases of the blood plasma
oxygen and carbon dioxide
Name 3 things blood maintains
appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat, normal ph in the body tissues using buffer systems, adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system
Which of the blood cells are the only complete cells?
WBC (white blood cells)
Which blood cells have no nuclei or organelles?
RBC (Red blood cells)
In reference to formed elements what are platelets?
Just cell fragments
How long do formed elements survive in the blood stream?
Only a few days
Where are blood cells renewed?
Bone marrow
What is the structural composition of Erythrocytes?
(RBC) Biconcave discs, anucleate, essentially no organelles,
What are erythrocytes dedicated to?
Repiratory gas transport
What are Erythrocytes filled with?
Hemoglobin (Hb), a protein that functions in gas transport
What percentage of Erythrocytes are hemoglobin?
97%
In Erythrocytes how is ATP generated?
anaerobically (without oxygen)
In erythocytes what is the hemoglobin function?
reversible binds with oxygen and most oxygen in the blood is bound to hemoglobin
What is Hemoglobin composed of?
Globin, Heme group
What is globin composed of?
protien made up of 4 chains, 2 alpha and 2 beta
How much oxygen can 1 hemoglobin transport?
Each hemoglobin molecule can transport 4 molecules of oxygen
In the heme group what atom does it bear?
Each heme group bears an Iron atom which can bind to one oxygen molecule
Where is oxyhemoglobin found?
In the arteries
Define oxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin bound to oxygen
Where is deoxyhemolobin found?
Lungs and Capillary beds
Define Deoxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin after oxygen diffuses into tissues (reduces Hb) (only deoxyshore white)
Define Carbaminohemoglobin
hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide
Where is Carbaminohemoglobin found?
Found in veins
What does hemato refer to?
blood
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
Red bone marrow of the axial skeleton and girdles epiphyses of the humerus and femur
What is Hematopoiesis?
blood cell formation
What are hemocytoblsts?
Stem cells
What do hemocytoblasts give rise to?
they give rise to all formed elements
What does arthro stand for?
Red blood cells
