Chapter 25 Flashcards
Abdominocentesis
sampling of free fluid within the peritoneal space
Acidosis
elevated levels of metabolic acids within the blood or tissue
Arrhythmia
abnormal heartbeat rhythm detected during palpationof the chest or pulse during auscultation or recorded on an electrocardiogram
Asystole
type of arrhythmia characterized by a “flat line” or the absence of heartbeats
Atrial fibrillation
very rapid, uncoordinated contractions of the atria of the heart, resulting in lack of synchronism between heartbeat and pulse beat
Atrial premature complexes
premature contractions of atria initiated by one of the atria from location other than the normal sinus heartbeat, which originates in the sinoatrial node
Azotemia
condition in which blood has increased concentrations of nitrogenous wastes such as urea nitrogen (BUN).
Caused by dehydration, as renal azotemia caused by impaired kidney function
Borborygmi
Rumbling noises caused by propulsion of gas and ingesta through the intestines
Capillary refill time
time required for blood to refill the small capillary beds of the mucous membranes after digital blanching
Cardiopulmonary cerebrovascular resuscitation
Emergency procedure performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are take to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing
Chest tube
flexible tube inserted through the intercostal muscles in to the pleural space
Choke
Obstruction of the esophagus by a foreign boy
Colic
Sever abdominal pain of sudden onset caused by a variety of conditions, including obstruction, twisting, and spasm of the intestine
Defibrillation
Process of converting a fibrillation arrhythmia to a normal heartbeat
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Pattern of generalized concurrent intravascular thrombosis and bleeding.
complication of shock
Down animals
animals that cannot stand
Dystocia
difficult birth
Electrocardiogram
tracing made by an electrocardiograph that reflects electrical activity in the heart
Emesis
Vomiting
Endometrial
belonging to the mucous membrane lining the uterus
Eructation
to eject gas from the stomach; to burp
Fetatome
device used to cut a fetus into smaller parts that can be more easily extracted vaginally when a fetotomy is performed
Fetotomy
procedure in which a dead fetus is cut into smaller pieces so that it can be extracted vaginally
Flail chest
Freely movable segment of the chest wall caused by segmental fracture of two or more ribs
Hypovolemia
decreased circulating blood volume
Hypoxemia
low blood oxygen levels
Hypoxia
low tissue oxygen
Ileus
functional loss of intestinal motility
Ischemia
deficient supply of blood to a body part, such as the heart or brain, caused by obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood
Jugular vein
consists of paired veins running in the neck that drain the brain, face and neck
Mastitis
inflammation of the mammary gland. Typically occurs during lactation. If endotoxins are absorbed from septic secretions with the udder, endotoxemia can result, and the condition is termed toxic mastitis
Metritis
inflammation of the uterus
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
a complication of shock in which generalized microvascular clotting causes sufficient organ damage to result in failure of multiple organs
Pericardiocentesis
surgical puncture of the pericardium especially to aspirate pericardial fluid
Perineal
the area between the anus and the dorsal part of the external genitalia, especially in the female
Pneumothorax
abnormal accumulation of air in the space between the rib cage and the lung. This abnormal air pocket compresses the lung, resulting in respiratory distress. The lung may collapse, this condition may be caused by injury to lung tissue, rupture of air-filled pulmonary cysts, or puncture of the chest wall
Pulse oximeter
instrument used to noninvasively measure the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. This value serves as an indirect assessment of the animals oxygenation status
Regional nerve block
procedure whereby a relatively small amount of local anesthetic is injected near a nerve, causing desensitization to a larger area on the body.
Proximal and distal paravertebral nerve blocks are examples of regional nerve blocks used to anesthetize the flank area
Reperfusion injury
tissue injury resulting from the reestablishment of blood flow after a period of oxygen deprivation
Rumen tympany
rumen distention with air, commonly referred to as a bloat
Rumenostomy
surgical procedure whereby a permanent hole is created from the skin into the rumen
Sepsis
a state of systemic inflammation characterized by deteriorating vital signs and the presence of infection
Stridor
a harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound usually caused by obstruction of airflow at the pharynx or larynx
Syncope
fainting
Systemic Inflammatory response syndrome
widespread inflammation caused by an underlying disease process. Often causes generalized tissue damage and can be ca complication of shock
Tachycardia
rapid heart rate, the opposite of bradycardia
Tachypnea
fast, shallow breathing
Thoracocentesis
a procedure in which air or fluid is removed from the chest using a syringe and needle aseptically
Thromboembolism
formation of a blood clot that lodges in or obstructs a blood vessel
Toxin
a poisonous substance
Tracheostomy
surgical creation of a hole from the skin to the trachea
Tracheotomy
surgical act of making an incision on the ventral aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway though an incision in the trachea
Transfaunation
transfer of beneficial microorganisms from the rumen of one individual to that of another
Triage
the act of sorting patients quickly into groups on the basis of a rapid initial assessment of disease or injury severity
Tube cystostomy
surgical procedure in which a Foley catheter is placed through the abdominal wall and into the bladder. The catheter allows urine to passively drain from the bladder while urolithiasis is managed
tympany
hollow sound produced when a body cavity containing air is sharply tapped
Urethral process
small appendage extending from the tip of the penis in sheep and goats, represents the distal end of the urethra in these species. This is the primary location for urinary calculi to lodge in these animals
Urethrostomy
surgical formation of a new opening into the urethra to allow urine diversion
Urolithiasis
condition that is characterized by the formation or presence of calculi in the urinary tract
Uterine prolapse
condition that occurs when the uterus folds inside-out through an open cervix and protrudes through the vulvar lips
Uterine torsion
condition in which the uterus twists, preventing delivery of the fetus. Uterine torsion occurs in cattle and in camelids and can be a cause of dystocia
Ventricular premature complexes
premature contraction of the ventricles initiated by one of the ventricles from a location other than the normal cardiac conduction system
Ventricular tachycardia
an abnormally high heart rate initiated and sustained by one of the ventricles outside the normal cardiac conduction system
