Chapter 25/2 Flashcards
In the warfare that raged between the Indians
a.
the Indians were never as well armed as the soldiers.
b.
the U.S. army was able to dominate with its superior technology.
c.
there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides.
d.
Indians proved to be no match for the soldiers.
e.
Indians and soldiers seldom came into face-to-face combat.
c.
there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides.
Which of these is NOT a true statement about women on the frontier?
a.
Women worked as prostitutes on the frontier
b.
Some women made money running boarding houses.
c.
Women earned a kind of equality on the frontier.
d.
Frontier women got the right to vote much later than women in the East.
e.
Women found a variety of opportunities in the West.
d.
Frontier women got the right to vote much later than women in the East.
Large numbers of Europeans were persuaded to come to America to farm on the northern frontier by
a.
the Populist party.
b.
churches and other nonprofit organizations.
c.
the offer of free homestead land by the U.S. government.
d.
European governments.
e.
railroad agents who offered to sell them cheap land.
e.
railroad agents who offered to sell them cheap land.
The root cause of the American farmers’ problems after 1880 was
a.
urban growth.
b.
foreign competition.
c.
the declining number of farms and farmers.
d.
the shortage of farm machinery.
e.
low prices and a deflated currency.
e.
low prices and a deflated currency.
Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they:
a.
were not well educated.
b.
did not possess the money necessary to establish a national political movement.
c.
were divided by the wealthier, more powerful manufacturers and railroad barons.
d.
were too busy trying to eke out a living.
e.
were, by nature, highly independent and individualistic.
e. were, by nature, highly independent and individualistic.
The original purpose of the Grange was to
a.
get involved in politics.
b.
support an inflationary monetary policy.
c.
stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities.
d.
improve the farmers’ collective plight.
e.
support the Homestead law.
c.
stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities.
For farm men and women, Granges were a godsend because
a.
they required members to pitch in and help each other during harvest season.
b.
the picnics, concerts and lectures they offered helped ease their isolation.
c.
their secret rituals kept out people they didn’t like.
d.
they sold farming supplies at a deep discount.
e.
they helped members join together to take advantage of opportunities via the Homestead Act.
b.
the picnics, concerts and lectures they offered helped ease their isolation.
In several states, farmers helped to pass the Granger Laws, which were designed to
a.
provide state subsidies for farm exports.
b.
lower farm mortgage interest rates.
c.
allow the formation of producer and consumer cooperatives.
d.
prohibit bankruptcy auctions.
e.
regulate railroad rates and grain storage fees.
e.
regulate railroad rates and grain storage fees.
The Farmers’ Alliance was originally formed to
a.
drive up farm prices by reducing crop production.
b.
advance agriculturally useful education in state land-grant colleges.
c.
end the rise of tenant farming.
d.
undermine eastern bankers by providing low-cost loans to farmers.
e.
break the economic grip of the railroads through farmers’ cooperatives
e.
break the economic grip of the railroads through farmers’ cooperatives
The Farmers’ Alliance was especially weakened by
a.
its political ineptitude.
b.
its inability to overcome racial divisions in the South
c.
corrupt leadership.
d.
its failure to target landowners.
e.
regional concentration in the South.
b.
its inability to overcome racial divisions in the South
The Populist party’s presidential candidate in 1892
was
a. James B. Weaver.
b. William Jennings Bryan.
c. Mary Elizabeth Lease.
d. Adlai Stevenson.
e. William “Coin” Harvey.
A. James B. Weaver
The severe economic depression of the 1890s
a.
the abolition of all metallic money in favor of paper was essential.
b.
white and black farmers had common economic interests
c.
they should form a progressive coalition with pro-silver Democrats.
d.
farmers had nothing in common with the residents of industrial cities.
e.
wage earners and farmers alike were victims of an oppressive economic system.
e. wage earners and farmers alike were victims of an
strengthened the Populists’ argument that
oppressive economic system
Jacob Coxey and his army marched on
Washington, D.C., to
a.
demand a larger military budget.
b.
protest the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act.
c.
demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program.
d.
try to promote a general strike of all workers.
e.
demand the immediate payment of bonuses to Civil War veterans.
c.
demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program.
President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that
a.
the union’s leader, Eugene V. Debs, was a socialist.
b.
strikes against railroads were illegal.
с.
the strikers were engaging in violent attacks on railroad property.
d.
shutting down the railroads threatened American national security.
e.
the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.
e. the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.
Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman episode
a.
proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people.
b.
a strategy by which united working-class action could succeed.
c.
the need for a socialist party in the United States.
d.
the potential of the federal government as a counterweight to big business.
e.
the crucial role of middle-class public opinion in labor conflicts.
a.
proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people.
The Pullman strike created the first instance of
a.
management recognition of the right of workers to organize and strike.
b.
government use of federal troops to break a labor strike.
с.
violence during a labor strike.
d.
a united front between urban workers and agrarian
Populists.
e.
government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike.
e.
government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike.
The depression of the 1890s and episodes like the
Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up
as a
a.
battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.
b.
conflict between the insurgent Populists and the two established political parties.
c.
sectional conflict with the West aligned against the Northeast and South.
d.
contest over the power of the federal government to manage a modern industrial economy like the United States.
e.
clash of cultures between ordinary middle-class Americans and European-oriented radicals and reformers.
a.
battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.
The Democratic party nominee for president in
1896 was_
_; the Republicans nominated _
and the Populists endorsed a.
William McKinley; Mark Hanna; William Jennings
Bryan b.
William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; James
B. Weaver
с.
William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; William
Jennings Bryan
d.
Mark Hanna; William Jennings Bryan; William
Jennings Bryan
e.
William Jennings Bryan; Theodore Roosevelt; William Jennings Bryan
с.
William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; William
Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic party primarily because he
a.
had already gained the nomination of the Populist party.
b.
had the support of urban workers.
c.
possessed a brilliant political mind.
d.
eloquently supported the farmers’ demand for the unlimited coinage of silver.
e.
was backed by the Democratic Party establishment.
d.
eloquently supported the farmers’ demand for the unlimited coinage of silver.
In the election of 1896, the major issue became
a.
restoration of protective tariffs.
b.
enactment of an income tax.
c.
government programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression.
d.
the rights of farmers and industrial workers.
e.
free and unlimited coinage of silver.
e.
free and unlimited coinage of silver.
The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of Republican dominance that was accompanied by
a.
diminishing voter participation in elections.
b.
strengthening of party organizations.
c.
greater concern over civil-service reform.
d.
less concern for industrial regulation.
e.
sharpened conflict between business and labor.
a. diminishing voter participation in elections
sharpened conflict between business and labor.
The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of
a.
the Gold Standard Act.
b.
McKinley’s adoption of the bimetallic standard.
c.
an increase in the international gold supply.
d.
Populist fusion with the Democratic party.
e.
the creation of the Federal Reserve Board.
c.
an increase in the international gold supply.
A new round of warfare between the Sioux and U.S. Army began in 1874 when
a.
the U.S. Army decided to retaliate for the Fetterman massacre.
b.
Sioux Chief Crazy Horse began an effort to drive all whites from Montana and the Dakotas.
C.
Colonel George Custer led an expedition to Little Big Horn, Montana.
d.
Colonel George Custer discovered gold on
Sioux land in the Black Hills.
e.
the federal government announced that it was opening all Sioux lands to settlement.
d.
Colonel George Custer discovered gold on
Sioux land in the Black Hills.
A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by
a.
Harriet Beecher Stowe.
b.
Helen Hunt Jackson.
C.
Chief Joseph.
d.
Joseph F. Glidden.
e.
William F. Cody.
b.
Helen Hunt Jackson.
To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following except
a.
dissolve many tribes as legal entities.
b.
try to make rugged individualists of the Indians.
C.
wipe out tribal ownership of land.
d.
promise Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years.
e.
outlaw the sacred Sun Dance.
e.
outlaw the sacred Sun Dance.
The United States government’s outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the
a.
Battle of Wounded Knee.
b.
Sand Creek massacre.
C.
Battle of Little Big Horn.
d.
Dawes Severalty Act.
e.
Carlisle Indian School.
a.
Battle of Wounded Knee.
The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian
a.
prosperity.
b.
annihilation.
c.
assimilation.
d.
culture.
e.
education.
c.
assimilation.
The largest single source of silver and gold in the frontier of the West was discovered in 1859 in
a.
Montana.
b.
the Black Hills of South Dakota.
c.
California.
d.
New Mexico.
e.
Nevada.
e.
Nevada.
The bitter conflict between whites and
Indians intensified
a.
during the Civil War.
b.
as a result of vigilante justice.
c.
when big business took over the mining industry.
d.
as the mining frontier expanded.
e.
after the Battle of Wounded Knee
d.
as the mining frontier expanded.
One major problem with the Homestead
Act was that
a.
the government continued to try to maximize its revenue from public lands.
b.
160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains.
c.
midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition with the West.
d.
most homesteaders knew little or nothing about farming in the West.
e.
it took several years to earn a profit from farming a homestead.
b.
160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains.
A major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s was
a.
the high price of land.
b.
the low market value of grain.
c.
the scarcity of water.
d.
overcrowding.
e.
the opposition of miners.
c.
the scarcity of water.
Sooners were settlers who “jumped the gun” in order to
a.
pan gold in California.
b.
stake claims in the Comstock Lode in Nevada.
c.
claim land in Oklahoma before the territory was legally opened to settlement.
d.
drive the first cattle to Montana and Wyoming.
e.
grab town sites in the Dakotas.
c.
claim land in Oklahoma before the territory was legally opened to settlement.
In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible, Americans were disturbed because
a.
they knew that the Homestead Act would no longer do them much good.
b
they thought that there would be a renewal of Indian warfare.
c.
the idea of an endlessly open West had been an element of America’s history from the beginning.
d.
many of them hoped eventually to migrate to the West.
e.
they feared that an influx of new western states would strengthen the Populists and other radicals.
c.
the idea of an endlessly open West had been an element of America’s history from the beginning.
Western cities like Denver and San Francisco did serve as a major safety valve by providing
a.
home for new immigrants.
b.
recreational activities for its inhabitants.
c.
a home for economically struggling farmers, miners, and easterners.
d.
None of these
e.
All of these
c.
a home for economically struggling farmers, miners, and easterners.
The root cause of the American farmers’ problems after 1880 was
a.
urban growth.
b.
foreign competition.
c.
the declining number of farms and farmers.
d.
the shortage of farm machinery.
e.
low prices and a deflated currency.
E. low prices and a deflated currency
Late nineteenth-century farmers believed that their difficulties stemmed primarily from
a.
low tariff rates.
b.
overproduction.
c.
a deflated currency.
d.
immigration laws.
e.
the federal government.
c.
a deflated currency.
William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic party primarily because he
a.
had already gained the nomination of the Populist party.
b.
had the support of urban workers.
c.
possessed a brilliant political mind.
d.
eloquently supported the farmers’ demand for the unlimited coinage of silver.
e.
was backed by the Democratic Party establishment.
d.
eloquently supported the farmers’ demand for the unlimited coinage of silver.
The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of
a.
The Gold Standard Act
b.
McKinley’s adoption of the bimetallic standard.
c.
an increase in the international gold supply.
d.
Populist fusion with the Democratic party.
e.
the creation of the Federal Reserve Board.
c.
an increase in the international gold supply.
The decline of the long drive and the cattle boom
resulted from everything EXCEPT:
a. the settlement of homesteading farmers on range land
b. a series of extraordinarily severe winters
c. overgrazing and overproduction
d. the inability to recruit enough veteran cowboys
e. barbed-wire fencing
d. the inability to recruit enough veteran cowboys
