Chapter 25 Flashcards
What is poststenotic signal?
A Doppler spectral waveform recorded immediately distal to a flow-reducing stenosis that exhibits decreased peak systolic velocity and disordered flow
What is renal–aortic velocity ratio?
The peak systolic renal artery velocity divided by the peak systolic aortic velocity recorded at the level of the celiac and/or superior mesenteric arteries; used to identify flow-limiting renal artery stenosis
What is the middle area of the kidney lying between the sinus and the cortex; containing renal pyramids called?
Renal medulla
What is the area through which the renal artery, vein, and ureter enter the kidney called?
Renal hilum
What is the opening of the renal artery from the aortic wall called?
renal ostium
What is the central echogenic cavity of the kidney; contains the renal artery, renal vein, and collecting and lymphatic systems called?
Renal Sinus
What is the outermost area of the kidney tissue lying just beneath the renal capsule called?
Renal cortex
What is renal parenchymal disease?
A medical disorder affecting the tissue function of the kidneys
What is renal artery stenosis?
Narrowing of the renal artery, most commonly as a result of atherosclerotic disease or medial fibromuscular dysplasia
What is a tiny tube inserted into a stenotic renal artery at the time of arterial dilation; usually metallic mesh in structure; holds the artery open called?
Renal artery stent
What is the visible indentation at the base of the neck where the neck joins the sternum called?
Suprasternal notch
What are the prominence of the pelvic bones noted in the lower abdomen called?
symphysis pubis/pubic bone
It is estimated that up to how many hypertensive patients have underlying renal artery disease?
6%
What is the normal length measurement of the kidney?
8 to 13 cm
What are kidneys that are joined at the lower poles by an isthmus of tissue which lies anterior to the aorta?
horseshoe kidneys
Why is the renal sinus normally brightly echogenic on a sonographic image?
fat and fibrous tissue in the sinus
What are the triangular-shaped structures within the inner portion of the kidney that carry urine from the cortex to the renal pelvis?
renal pyramids
The right renal artery initially courses ________________ from the aorta, then passes ________________ to the inferior vena cava.
anterolateral, posterior
Which vessel courses anterior to the aorta but posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and anterior to both renal arteries?
left renal vein
In which of the following renal artery segments does atherosclerotic disease in the renal artery typically occur?
origin to proximal third
Which of the following patients would be suspected of fibromuscular dysplasia in the renal artery?
a 32-year-old female with poorly controlled hypertension
What is the most appropriate transducer for use in the evaluation of the renal arteries?
2 to 5 MHz curvilinear
At which level is a spectral Doppler waveform with peak systolic velocity needed from the aorta for use in the renal–aortic ratio?
proximal, at the level of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries
