Chapter 25

Question 1

What is poststenotic signal?

Answer 1

A Doppler spectral waveform recorded immediately distal to a flow-reducing stenosis that exhibits decreased peak systolic velocity and disordered flow

Question 1

What is renal–aortic velocity ratio?

Answer 1

The peak systolic renal artery velocity divided by the peak systolic aortic velocity recorded at the level of the celiac and/or superior mesenteric arteries; used to identify flow-limiting renal artery stenosis

Question 2

What is the middle area of the kidney lying between the sinus and the cortex; containing renal pyramids called?

Answer 2

Renal medulla

Question 3

What is the area through which the renal artery, vein, and ureter enter the kidney called?

Answer 3

Renal hilum

Question 4

What is the opening of the renal artery from the aortic wall called?

Answer 4

renal ostium

Question 5

What is the central echogenic cavity of the kidney; contains the renal artery, renal vein, and collecting and lymphatic systems called?

Answer 5

Renal Sinus

Question 6

What is the outermost area of the kidney tissue lying just beneath the renal capsule called?

Answer 6

Renal cortex

Question 7

What is renal parenchymal disease?

Answer 7

A medical disorder affecting the tissue function of the kidneys

Question 8

What is renal artery stenosis?

Answer 8

Narrowing of the renal artery, most commonly as a result of atherosclerotic disease or medial fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 9

What is a tiny tube inserted into a stenotic renal artery at the time of arterial dilation; usually metallic mesh in structure; holds the artery open called?

Answer 9

Renal artery stent

Question 10

What is the visible indentation at the base of the neck where the neck joins the sternum called?

Answer 10

Suprasternal notch

Question 11

What are the prominence of the pelvic bones noted in the lower abdomen called?

Answer 11

symphysis pubis/pubic bone

Question 12

It is estimated that up to how many hypertensive patients have underlying renal artery disease?

Answer 12

6%

Question 13

What is the normal length measurement of the kidney?

Answer 13

8 to 13 cm

Question 14

What are kidneys that are joined at the lower poles by an isthmus of tissue which lies anterior to the aorta?

Answer 14

horseshoe kidneys

Question 15

Why is the renal sinus normally brightly echogenic on a sonographic image?

Answer 15

fat and fibrous tissue in the sinus

Question 16

What are the triangular-shaped structures within the inner portion of the kidney that carry urine from the cortex to the renal pelvis?

Answer 16

renal pyramids

Question 17

The right renal artery initially courses ________________ from the aorta, then passes ________________ to the inferior vena cava.

Answer 17

anterolateral, posterior

Question 18

Which vessel courses anterior to the aorta but posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and anterior to both renal arteries?

Answer 18

left renal vein

Question 19

In which of the following renal artery segments does atherosclerotic disease in the renal artery typically occur?

Answer 19

origin to proximal third

Question 20

Which of the following patients would be suspected of fibromuscular dysplasia in the renal artery?

Answer 20

a 32-year-old female with poorly controlled hypertension

Question 21

What is the most appropriate transducer for use in the evaluation of the renal arteries?

Answer 21

2 to 5 MHz curvilinear

Question 22

At which level is a spectral Doppler waveform with peak systolic velocity needed from the aorta for use in the renal–aortic ratio?

Answer 22

proximal, at the level of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries