Chapter 18 Flashcards
What is the inward projection of the intimal layer of a vein wall producing two semilunar leaflets that prevent the retrograde movement of blood flow?
Valve
What is a superficial vein?
A vein that is superior to the muscular compartments of the leg or arm; travels within the superficial fascial compartments and has no corresponding companion artery
What is a clotted blood within a vein that has generally been present for a period of several weeks or months?
Chronic thrombus
What is a deep vein?
A vein that is the companion vessel to an artery and travels within the deep muscular compartments of the leg or arm
What is a newly formed clotted blood within a vein, generally less than 14 days old?
Acute thrombus
What is the main reason that venous thrombosis in the upper extremities has become more common?
Increased injury to vein walls
Unlike the lower extremities, what do the upper extremities NOT have that may allow spontaneous thrombus formation?
Soleal sinuses
What is venous thrombosis secondary to compression of the subclavian vein at the thoracic inlet?
Paget-Schroetter syndrome
A patient present to the vascular lab for upper extremity venous evaluation with face swelling and prominent veins on the chest and neck. What do these findings suggest?
Superior vena cava thrombosis
Transducer compressions are limited over several veins in the upper extremity because of limited access from bony structures. What are the most common veins that are NOT able to be compressed?
Brachiocephalic and subclavian veins
What is the most appropriate transducer for mapping of the upper extremity superficial venous system?
10-18 MHz straight linear array
Why are the subclavian and jugular veins assessed with the patient lying flat?
To reduce hydrostatic pressure
How does the external jugular vein lie in relation to the internal jugular vein?
Posterior
With which vein does the brachial vein become the axillary vein at the confluence?
Basilic vein
During an upper extremity venous examination, the technologist has made the patient take in a quick, deep breath through pursed lips while viewing the subclavian vein. What is the purpose of this action?
Collapse/coapt the subclavian vein
In the upper extremity, in general, which venous system is larger?
Superficial system
During an upper extremity venous duplex examination, the technologist notes significant pulsatility in the spectral doppler waveform from the internal jugular vein. What does this finding suggest?
Normal findings for the IJV
Which vessel may not be routinely evaluated in a UE venous duplex examination but is often added in the event of significant thrombosis?
External Jugular vein
Because of the location of the brachiocephalic veins, documentation of patency of these vessels is usually performed with which of the following?
Grayscale image with additional color-flow and spectral doppler
Which vessel connects the basilic and cephalic veins?
Medial cubital vein
Which forearm vessels are NOT routinely evaluated during upper extremity venous duplex testing?
Radial and ulnar veins
A 34 year old female presents to the vascular lab with a 1-day history of arm swelling and redness. The patient has recently has a PICC line inserted. During the duplex evaluation, the axillary and subclavian veins are incompressible with hypoechoic echoes noted within their lumens. What do these findings suggest?
Acute venous thrombosis
A 78 year old male presents to the vascular lab with right arm swelling for the past several days. The patient notes that he is currently being treated for cancer. During the upper extremity duplex examination, decreased pulsatility is noted in the right internal jugular and subclavian veins as well as slow flow formation. What do these findings suggest?
A more proximal obstruction, likely in the brachiocephalic vein or superios vena cava
During an upper extremity venous duplex evaluation, color flow is noted filling the axillary vein. However, in a transverse view, the axillary vein is noted to be only partially compressible. Which of the following could explain these findings?
Color priority set too low and color gain is too high
A 22 year old male patient preents to the vascular lab with a 3 day history of left arm swelling with no apparent injury or risk factors. Upon further questioning, the patient does state that he has recently begun weight training. What do the vascular technologist suspect in this patient?
Effort thrombosis
The ________ veins of the arm are more affected by venous thrombosis than in the legs
Superficial
Signs and symptoms of upper extremity venous thrombosis are _______ to symptoms in the lower extremity.
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