chapter 24 - populations and sustainability

Question 1

What is the difference between the abundance of organisms and the distrubution of organisms?

Answer 1

• abundance, the number of individuals of a single species in an ecosystem
• distrubution, where a species if found in an ecosystem

Question 2

What are the 4 factors that affect abundance of organisms?

Answer 2

• interspecific competition
• intraspecific competition
• abiotic factors
• prey and predator relationship

Question 3

What 2 factors affect the distrubution of organisms?

Answer 3

• interspecific competition
• predation(relation between prey and predator)

Question 4

What is a niche?

Answer 4

• its the role that an organism plays in an ecosystem

Question 5

What is the carrying capacity?

Answer 5

• the max stable population an ecosystem can support

Question 6

What is the difference between conservation and preservation?

Answer 6

• conservation, sustainable use and management of ecosystems
• preservation, keeping an ecosystem in an untouched state

Question 7

Why do we conserve ecosystems?

Answer 7

• prevents ecosystems being destroyed
• allows sustainable use of natural resources
• management, controls the way the resources are used
• includes restoration of ecosystems(reforestation)

Question 8

What is the economic, social and ethical reason we conserve ecosystems?

Answer 8

• economic, maintains the long term use of natural resources
• social, people enjoy them
• ethical, organisms have the right to life

Question 9

in what ways is timber production managed to be more sustainable?

Answer 9

• coppicing, cutting trees without killing them so they grow back
• strip felling, cut down trees in strips or blocks(kills them)
• replanting trees, plant native trees

Question 10

What are the benefits of managing timber production?

Answer 10

• trees grow back faster
• don’t need to plant new trees(coppicing)
• less disruption to ecosystem, maintains biodiversity
• less erosion and leeching(strip felling)
• prevents shoots being eaten by animals

Question 11

In what ways is fishing managed to be more sustainable?

Answer 11

• fishing quotas, limits the number of fish caught and killed
• regulate the mesh size of nots
• protect important areas by preventing fishing there

Question 12

What are the benefits of managing fishing?

Answer 12

• prevent species extinction by reducing the number of fish caught
• protect the breeding population
• reduce bycatch(accidental catch of unwanted species)
• only fish of a certain size will be caught

Question 13

What are both transects and quadrats used for?

Answer 13

• both used to survey immobile or slow moving organisms(plants)

Question 14

What types of sampling are used in transects and quadrat surveys?

Answer 14

• transect, systematic sampling
• quadrat, random sampling

Question 15

What are the 3 types of transects and how do they work?

Answer 15

• line transect, run a tape measure between 2 points and record all the species that touch the tape
• bolt transect, use quadrats along the length of the transect
• interrupted transect, use quadrats at fixed intervals along the transects

Question 16

What are the two types of quadrats used for surveying?

Answer 16

• frame quadrat
• point quadrat