Chapter 24: Digestive System Flashcards
Primary organs of digestion
-oral cavity
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine
-anus
Accessory organs of digestion
-teeth
-tongue
-salivary glands
-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas
Oral cavity function
ingestion, mechanical processing with teeth and tongue, moistening, mixing with salivary secretions
Pharynx function
muscular propulsion of materials into the esophagus
Esophagus function
transport of materials to the stomach
Stomach function
chemical breakdown of materials by acids and enzymes; mechanical processing through muscular contractions
Small Intestine function
enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions
Large Intestine function
dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination
Teeth function
mechanical processing by chewing (mastication)
Tongue function
assists mechanical processing with teeth, sensory analysis
Salivary Glands function
secretion of lubricating fluid containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates
Liver function
secretion of bile (important for lipid digestion), storage of nutrients, many other vital functions
Gallbladder function
storage and concentration of bile
Pancreas function
exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes; endocrine cells secrete hormones
The digestive tract is lined with a….
serous membrane
Visceral Peritoneum
covers organs
Parietal Peritoneum
lines body walls
Mucosa
mucous membrane (epithelial layer and lamina propria)
Stratified squamous epithelium
oral muscosa
-protects against mechanical stresses
-oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus
Simple columnar epithelium with mucous cells
participates in absorption
-stomach, small intestine, and most of large intestine
Muscularis mucosae
deep to the mucosa; a narrow band of smooth muscle and elastic fibers
Submucosa
layer of dense irregular connective tissue
-exocrine glands that secrete fluid and enzymes into digestive tract
Submucosa Plexus
innervates mucosa and submucosa
Muscularis Externa
involved in mechanical processing and movement of materials along the tract
Serosa
serous membrane covering muscularis externa
Digestive enzymes are secreted by…
salivary glands, tongue, stomach, and pancreas
Carbohydrases
produce sugars
Proteases
produce amino acids
Lipases
produce fatty acids
Brush border enzymes
produce nucleotides