Chapter 24 - Breast Flashcards
Estrogen leads to what part of breast development?
Duct (double layer of columnar cells)
Progesterone leads to what part of breast development?
Lobular development
Prolactin has what effect on breast development?
Synergizes esterogen and progesterone
Estrogen causes what cyclic change in the breast?
Increased breast swelling, growth of glandular tissue
Progesterone causes what cyclic change in the breast?
Increased maturation of glandular tissue; withdrawal causes menses
What cyclic change is caused by LH, FHS surge?
Causes ovum release
Long thoracic nerve innervates what? Injury results in what?
Serratus anterior; winged scapula
Thoracodorsal nerve innervates what? Injury causes what?
Latissimus dorsi; weak arm pull-ups and adduction
What artery goes to the serratus anterior?
Lateral thoracic artery
What artery goes to latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal artery
Medial pectoral nerve innervates what?
Pectoralis major and minor
Lateral pectoral nerve innervates what?
Pectoralis major only
Intercostobrachial nerve comes from where? Innervates what?
From lateral cutaneous branch of the 2nd intercostal nerve; sensation to medial arm and axilla
Branches of what arteries supply the breast?
Internal thoracic artery, intercostal arteries, thoracoacromial artery, lateral tthoracic artery
Batson’s plexus allows what to happen in breast cancer?
Valveless vein plexus that allows direct hematogenous mets to spine
What does primary axillary adenopathy indicate?
1 lymphoma
Positive supraclavicular nodes indicate what stage disease?
M1
Most common bacteria in breast abscess?
S. aureus, strep; associated with breast feeding
Treatment for abscesses?
I&D, d/c breast feeding; ice, heat, pump, antibiotics
Most common bacteria in infectious mastitis?
S. aureus; in nonlactating women can be due to chronic inflammatory diseases (actinomyces, TB, syphilis)
Workup for infectious mastitis?
Need to rule out necrotic cancer; incisional biopsy including skin
What is periductal mastitis?
Mammary duct ectasia or plasma cell mastitis; dilated mammary ducts, inspissated secretions, marked periductal inflammation
Symptoms of periductal mastitis?
Noncyclical mastodynia, nipple retraction, creamy discharge from nipple; can have sterile subareolar abscess; pts with difficulty breast feeding
Treatment for periductal mastitis?
Reassure if discharge is creamy, non bloody and not associated with nipple retraction; otherwise r/o cancer