Chapter 24

Question 1

What are the functions of the renal system

Answer 1

regulate water, ECF ions, acid base balance, remove waste toxins and drugs, hormone production

Question 2

What hormones does the renal system makes

Answer 2

Renin and Erythropoietin

Question 3

What does renin do

Answer 3

maintain sodium potassium levels

Question 4

What are the two layers of the kidney

Answer 4

the cortex and medulla

Question 5

What is the glomerulus

Answer 5

where filtrate is formed

Question 6

What is the function of podocytes

Answer 6

form filtration barrier

Question 7

The three major parts of the renal tubule are

Answer 7

the proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule

Question 8

What does the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb

Answer 8

amino acids, glucose and sodium

Question 9

What does the proximal convoluted tubule secrete

Answer 9

metabolic wastes and drugs

Question 10

What does the descending segment reabsorb

Answer 10

water

Question 11

What does the ascending segment reabsorb

Answer 11

sodium and chloride

Question 12

Blood is at how many osmoles

Answer 12

300 miliosmoles

Question 13

What does the distal convoluted tubule reabsorb

Answer 13

water and urea H ions and bicarbonate

Question 14

What does the distal convoluted tubule secrete

Answer 14

Hydrogen ions, bicarbonate

Question 15

The descending loop is ____ and permeable to _____

Answer 15

thin, water

Question 16

Does the distal convoluted tubule have lots of microvilli

Answer 16

no

Question 17

What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 17

regulate ECF and electrolytes

Question 18

What do principal cells do

Answer 18

sodium resorption

Question 19

What do intercalated cells do

Answer 19

acid base homeostasis

Question 20

What are the three pressures involved in Net Filtration Pressure

Answer 20

glomerular hydrostatic, glomerular osmotic, and capsular hydrostatic

Question 21

What is the vasa recta

Answer 21

parallel to the loops of henle

Question 22

What are JG cells

Answer 22

enlarged smooth muscle cells of arterioles

Question 23

What do JG cells do

Answer 23

release renin

Question 24

What are the macula densa

Answer 24

salt sensors that generate paracrine signals

Question 25

What are the three processes involved in urine production

Answer 25

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 26

What are the layers of the filtration membrane

Answer 26

capillary endothelial, glomerular basement membrane, podocyte filtration slit membrane

Question 27

What can not go through glomerular filtration normally

Answer 27

plasma proteins and RBCs

Question 28

What percent drop in glomerular pressure will stop filtration

Answer 28

15

Question 29

Would a drop in systemic blood pressure stimulate renin release

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

would a slow flowing renal filtrate stimulate renin release

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

would an increase in stretch of afferent arterioles stimulate renin release

Answer 31

no

Question 32

would the sympathetic nervous system stimulation stimulate the renin release

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

would low filtrate osmolarity stimulate renin release

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

What is osmolality

Answer 34

solute particles in one liter of water, reflects ability to cause osmosis

Question 35

What is the concentration of fluid entering the PCT

Answer 35

300 mOsm

Question 36

What is the concentration of fluid in the medulla/ at the bottom of loop of henle

Answer 36

1200 mOsm

Question 37

The only nephrons involved in the concurrent mechanism are the

Answer 37

juxtramedullar nephrons JGs

Question 38

If you drink water then urine will be

Answer 38

dilute

Question 39

When not well hydrated body secretes what and causes what

Answer 39

ADH, increases number of aquaporins in collecting duct to allow for more water resorption