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Anatomy Physiology Unit 3 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the digestive system

A

ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption and elimination

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2
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity

A

space between the serous fluid for lubrication

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3
Q

What is the mesentery

A

connects peritoneums

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4
Q

What can cause peritonitis

A

ulcer, burst appendix, surgery

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5
Q

What happens in peritonitis

A

membranes stick together to localize infection, can be lethal

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6
Q

What are the functions of the mucosa

A

secretion of enzymes, mucus and hormones, absorbs end products of digestion

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7
Q

What are the sub layers of the mucosa

A

mucous membrane, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

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8
Q

What cells make up mucosa

A

simple columnar

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9
Q

What are the layers of the muscularis external

A

longitudinal, circular and oblique layers

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10
Q

What is splanchnic circulation

A

gastric small intestine colon pancreas liver and spleen

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11
Q

What is Ankyloglossia

A

short lingual frenulum often called tongue-tied or fused tongue

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12
Q

What are the functions of saliva

A

clean mouth, dissolve for taste, moisten and compact food, enzymes. for starch and lipid digestion

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13
Q

What does the parotid salivary gland produce

A

only serous fluid (watery)

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14
Q

What does the submandibular gland produce

A

serous and mucous thick and sticky

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15
Q

What does the sublingual gland produce

A

mostly mucus

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16
Q

What are activated by the presence of food

A

pressoreceptors

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17
Q

What type of substance causes the strongest reaction

A

acidic substance

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18
Q

What is primary dentition

A

four quadrants containing two incisors a canine and two molars

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19
Q

what types of teeth do humans have

A

incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

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20
Q

Primary dentition includes how many teeth

A

20

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21
Q

Permanent dentition includes how many teeth

A

32

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22
Q

What is an esophageal hiatus

A

opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes from thoracic to abdominal cavity

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23
Q

What is the cardiac sphincter

A

thicken muscular ring surrounding the opening between esophagus and stomach

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24
Q

What is mastication

A

chewing

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25
What. is deglutition
swallowing
26
What is a hiatal hernia
part of the stomach protrudes up through the diaphragm
27
What are the side effects of a hiatal hernia
esophagitis, esophageal ulcers, esophageal cancer
28
What is chyme
paste formed when food mixes with digestive juices
29
What are rugae
folds when stomach is empty
30
What does the pyloric sphincter control
emptying
31
What are the functions of the greater omentum
fatty membrane that holds things together and insulates
32
What are the three layers of stomach smooth muscle
oblique, circular, and longitudinal
33
What do chief cells produce
pepsinogen
34
What do parietal cells produce
HCl and intrinsic factor
35
What do children have to digest milk
renin
36
What is intrinsic factor
only function essential to life, vitamin B12 absorption in the intestine
37
What is the response of stomach to filling
gastric fundus relaxes
38
How long does gastric emptying usually take
6-8 hours
39
What are bile salts
emulsify fats
40
What is bilirubin
bile pigment, the waste product of catabolism of HgB
41
What is hepatitis
inflammation of liver
42
What is cirrhosis caused by
alcohol consumption, Hep B or C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
43
What causes the release of bile from the gall bladder
CCK
44
What does CCK do to the pancreas
causes pancreatic juice secretion
45
What are acini
small sac like cavity inside of glands
46
What enzymes are produced by the pancreas
lipase, protease, amylase
47
What enzymes digest proteins
tyrpsin, chymotyrpsin, pepsinogen
48
What causes the release of secretin
HCL in the intestines
49
What is found in the duodenum
pancreatic juice, bile, stomach contents
50
What type of cells are enterocytes
columnar
51
What do paneth cells produce
lysozyme
52
What is the enterogastric reflex
controls release of stomach proteins
53
What are the teniae coli
three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle on surface of colon
54
What does the ascending appendage of the large intestine do
absorb water
55
What does the transverse appendage of large intestine do
absorb water and salts
56
What does the descending appendage of large intestine do
stores feces
57
What are some characteristics of the large intestine
no villi, thicker mucosa, and crypts
58
What are the metabolic functions of the bacterial flora
fermentation and vitamin synthesis
59
What do the bacterial flora do
salvage energy from carbs not digested yet, synthesize vitamins
60
What are haustral contractions
slow segmenting uncoordinated movements
61
When does mass peristalsis happen
after eating dietary fiber
62
What is defecation
spinal reflex that causes the internal anal sphuncter to relax
63
What type of chemical digestion is done by the digestive system
enzyme hydrolysis
64
Where does carbohydrate digestion occur
starts in mouth continues in stomach
65
Where does digestion of proteins happen
the stomach denatures, trypsin and chymotrypsin from pancreas, small intestine absorbs and digests
66
What are the steps of lipid digestion
emulsification and digestion
67
What does lipoprotein digest
triglycerides
68
What do pancreatic nucleases do
hydrolyze nucleotides
69
What are the two types of brush border enzymes
nucleosidases and phosphatases
70
Where are iron and calcium absorbed
duodenum
71
What vitamins are produced by the large intestine
k and B

Anatomy Physiology Unit 3 (4 decks)

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