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Anatomy Physiology Unit 3 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the digestive system

A

ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption and elimination

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2
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity

A

space between the serous fluid for lubrication

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3
Q

What is the mesentery

A

connects peritoneums

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4
Q

What can cause peritonitis

A

ulcer, burst appendix, surgery

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5
Q

What happens in peritonitis

A

membranes stick together to localize infection, can be lethal

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6
Q

What are the functions of the mucosa

A

secretion of enzymes, mucus and hormones, absorbs end products of digestion

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7
Q

What are the sub layers of the mucosa

A

mucous membrane, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

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8
Q

What cells make up mucosa

A

simple columnar

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9
Q

What are the layers of the muscularis external

A

longitudinal, circular and oblique layers

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10
Q

What is splanchnic circulation

A

gastric small intestine colon pancreas liver and spleen

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11
Q

What is Ankyloglossia

A

short lingual frenulum often called tongue-tied or fused tongue

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12
Q

What are the functions of saliva

A

clean mouth, dissolve for taste, moisten and compact food, enzymes. for starch and lipid digestion

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13
Q

What does the parotid salivary gland produce

A

only serous fluid (watery)

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14
Q

What does the submandibular gland produce

A

serous and mucous thick and sticky

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15
Q

What does the sublingual gland produce

A

mostly mucus

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16
Q

What are activated by the presence of food

A

pressoreceptors

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17
Q

What type of substance causes the strongest reaction

A

acidic substance

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18
Q

What is primary dentition

A

four quadrants containing two incisors a canine and two molars

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19
Q

what types of teeth do humans have

A

incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

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20
Q

Primary dentition includes how many teeth

A

20

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21
Q

Permanent dentition includes how many teeth

A

32

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22
Q

What is an esophageal hiatus

A

opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes from thoracic to abdominal cavity

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23
Q

What is the cardiac sphincter

A

thicken muscular ring surrounding the opening between esophagus and stomach

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24
Q

What is mastication

A

chewing

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25
Q

What. is deglutition

A

swallowing

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26
Q

What is a hiatal hernia

A

part of the stomach protrudes up through the diaphragm

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27
Q

What are the side effects of a hiatal hernia

A

esophagitis, esophageal ulcers, esophageal cancer

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28
Q

What is chyme

A

paste formed when food mixes with digestive juices

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29
Q

What are rugae

A

folds when stomach is empty

30
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter control

A

emptying

31
Q

What are the functions of the greater omentum

A

fatty membrane that holds things together and insulates

32
Q

What are the three layers of stomach smooth muscle

A

oblique, circular, and longitudinal

33
Q

What do chief cells produce

A

pepsinogen

34
Q

What do parietal cells produce

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

35
Q

What do children have to digest milk

A

renin

36
Q

What is intrinsic factor

A

only function essential to life, vitamin B12 absorption in the intestine

37
Q

What is the response of stomach to filling

A

gastric fundus relaxes

38
Q

How long does gastric emptying usually take

A

6-8 hours

39
Q

What are bile salts

A

emulsify fats

40
Q

What is bilirubin

A

bile pigment, the waste product of catabolism of HgB

41
Q

What is hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver

42
Q

What is cirrhosis caused by

A

alcohol consumption, Hep B or C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

43
Q

What causes the release of bile from the gall bladder

A

CCK

44
Q

What does CCK do to the pancreas

A

causes pancreatic juice secretion

45
Q

What are acini

A

small sac like cavity inside of glands

46
Q

What enzymes are produced by the pancreas

A

lipase, protease, amylase

47
Q

What enzymes digest proteins

A

tyrpsin, chymotyrpsin, pepsinogen

48
Q

What causes the release of secretin

A

HCL in the intestines

49
Q

What is found in the duodenum

A

pancreatic juice, bile, stomach contents

50
Q

What type of cells are enterocytes

A

columnar

51
Q

What do paneth cells produce

A

lysozyme

52
Q

What is the enterogastric reflex

A

controls release of stomach proteins

53
Q

What are the teniae coli

A

three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle on surface of colon

54
Q

What does the ascending appendage of the large intestine do

A

absorb water

55
Q

What does the transverse appendage of large intestine do

A

absorb water and salts

56
Q

What does the descending appendage of large intestine do

A

stores feces

57
Q

What are some characteristics of the large intestine

A

no villi, thicker mucosa, and crypts

58
Q

What are the metabolic functions of the bacterial flora

A

fermentation and vitamin synthesis

59
Q

What do the bacterial flora do

A

salvage energy from carbs not digested yet, synthesize vitamins

60
Q

What are haustral contractions

A

slow segmenting uncoordinated movements

61
Q

When does mass peristalsis happen

A

after eating dietary fiber

62
Q

What is defecation

A

spinal reflex that causes the internal anal sphuncter to relax

63
Q

What type of chemical digestion is done by the digestive system

A

enzyme hydrolysis

64
Q

Where does carbohydrate digestion occur

A

starts in mouth continues in stomach

65
Q

Where does digestion of proteins happen

A

the stomach denatures, trypsin and chymotrypsin from pancreas, small intestine absorbs and digests

66
Q

What are the steps of lipid digestion

A

emulsification and digestion

67
Q

What does lipoprotein digest

A

triglycerides

68
Q

What do pancreatic nucleases do

A

hydrolyze nucleotides

69
Q

What are the two types of brush border enzymes

A

nucleosidases and phosphatases

70
Q

Where are iron and calcium absorbed

A

duodenum

71
Q

What vitamins are produced by the large intestine

A

k and B

Anatomy Physiology Unit 3 (4 decks)

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