Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Withrow > Chapter 23 - Tumors of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 23 - Tumors of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

In which spp is cancer of the nasal planum more common?

Most common type of nasal planum cancer overall?

A

Cats - common
Dogs - uncommon
SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Development of SCC of the nasal planum has been associated with what 2 factors?

A

UV light exposure and lack of protective pigment; mainly cats in the case of nasal planum SCC

Papillomavirus infection; more common in non-UV induced carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are SCC categorized according to their degree of invasiveness?

A

In situ
Superficial (<2mm deep)
Infiltrative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nasal planum SCC behavior?

A

Locally invasive

Rarely metastasizes to the LN in advanced dz and even more rare for it to spread to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What treatment modality is effective for nasal planum SCC in cats, but not in dogs?

A

RT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tx of choice for cats and dogs with invasive nasal planum SCC?

Most common complication in cats?

MST?

A

Nasal planectomy

Stricture of nasal orifice

Cats MST >22 months; 80% dx free at 1-yr

Dogs MST 1.4- 4.2 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What % of dogs with nasal SCC that undergo nasal planectomy with bilateral labial mucocutaneous rotational flap experience complications?

Most common complications (2)?

What % required revision surgery?

Pulmonary metastatic rate?

A

73% overall complication rate

50% dehiscence
20% narrowing of nasal orifice

35% revision surgery

18% pulmonary mets at ~1 yr post diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How common is develpoment of additional SCC lesions after local tx?

A

Common because of UV changes that cannot be reversed; 33% in one study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prognosis for nasal planum SCC?

A

Good as long as local control is achieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ORR, recurrence rate, and ST in cats with in situ nasal planum SCC in situ when treated with Strontium?

A

ORR 100%
RR 0%
ST > 3000d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ORR, PR, CR, recurrence rate, PFI, and OST in cats with superficial nasal planum SCC when treated with Strontium?

What % developed new lesions at a different location?

A

ORR 98% (CR 88%, PR 10%)

RR 20% at median time of 308d only in cats with T1+, but no in situ

ST > 3000d; better for those with a CR vs PR

New lesions 33%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ORR, CR, PR in cats with all degrees of invasive nasal planum SCC when treated with strontium?

A

ORR 100% (CR 87%, PR 13% )

RR 13% - only in the 2 cats that had a PR which also had T2 dz at 81 and 141d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RT and +/- IL chemotherapy can achieve local control in cats with nasal planum SCC in what %?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ECT with bleomycin in cats with superficial SCC results in a complete response in what %? Duration of response?

A

82%

2m to >3yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common canine nasosinal tumors?

A

2/3 carcinomas (TCC 19%, SCC 12%)

1/3 sarcomas (FSA, chondrosarcoma, OSA, undifferentiated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Overall metastatic rate of nasosinal tumors at the time of diagnosis and death? Which nasal tumor is most likely to spread?

A

10 to 25% at diagnosis
40-50% at death

LN most commonly

Carcinoma most commonly associated with mets vs sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What percentage of nasosinal carcinomas over-express COX-2 in dogs (range)?

A

70-95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

VEGF, EGFR, PDGFRa, and PDGFRB expression in nasal carcinomas in dogs?

Which one has been shown to be phosphorylated and potentially activated?

A

VEGFR 85-90% - mostly cytoplasmic-membranous

EGFR 50%

PDGFRa 70% - cytoplasmic

PDGFRb 40% - cytoplasmic

EGFR hyperphosphorylated in 63%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most common clinical signs in dogs with nasosinal tumors?

Others?

What clinical signs could make you be more concerned about neoplasia vs non-neoplasia?

A

Unilateral epistaxis and/or mucopurulent discharge of 2 to 3 months duration

Other: facial deformity, sneezing, unwillingness to open mouth, dyspnea or stertorous breathing, exophthalmos, ocular discharge (due to mechanical obstruction of nasolacrimal duct)

Facial deformity, stridor -> cancer
Systemic clinical signs -> non-neoplastic (bleeding disorders, hypertension, tick-borne dz, bacterial infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What clinical sign in dogs with nasosinal dz is significantly noted to be more common with neoplasia, foreign bodies, and nasal mycosis?

What about with cancer specifically?

A

Pure or mixed hemorrhagic discharge

Stridor, facial deformity (can happen with fungal and angiomatous proliferation too)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can be performed in cases of uncontrolled hemorrhage after nasal samples are obtained?

A

Ipsilateral carotid artery ligation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What staging system for dogs with nasosinal neoplasia have been associated with prognostic significance when RT is used?

A

Adams

Modified Adams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the modified Adams staging system

A

Stage I - confined to one nasal passage, paranasal sinus, or frontal sinus, with NO bone involvement beyond turbinates

Stage II - ANY bone involvement beyond turbinates, BUT NO evidence of orbit/subcutaneous/submucosal mass

Stage III - involvement of orbit and/or nasopharyngeal, subcutaneous, or submucosal mass

Stage IV - cribriform plate lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How has the modified Adams’ staging system been associated with prognosis in dogs with nasosinal tumors that are treated with RT?

A

Dogs with stage IV dz based on CT images have shorter DFI and ST when treated with definitive RT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the MST and DFI of dogs with stage I vs stage 2 dz when treated with definitive RT?

A

Stage I - MST 2 yrs, DFS 6.5m

Stage IV - MST 7m, DFS 4m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which staging system is the least clinically relevant in dogs or cats with nasosinal tumors?

A

WHO staging system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What paraneoplastic syndromes have been rarely associated with nasal tumors in dogs (2)?

A

Erythrocytosis

Hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the overall MST of dogs with untreated nasal carcinomas?

A

3m (95d)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the MST in dogs with untreated nasal carcinoma that have epistaxis vs in dogs w/o?

A

Epistaxis - 3m (88d)

Without - 7.5m (224d)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the MST in dogs with nasal tumors treated with surgery alone?

What is the problem with this tx modality?

A

MST 3 to 6 months

Does not significantly improve ST compared to no treatment and is associated with high morbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the MST of dogs with nasal tumors when tx with definitive RT alone?

1-yr and 2-yr survival rates?

What % of carcinomas experience tumor volume reduction compared to sarcomas?

A

7 to 20 months

1-yr survival rate 40-70%

2-yr survival rate 10-45%

Carcinomas - 70%

Sarcomas - 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the MST of dogs with nasal tumors tx with a combination of 1) surgery followed by RT and 2) RT followed by sx?

What is the problem with these combination?

A

7 to 13m - sx followed by RT; does not improve ST vs RT alone

47m - RT followed by sx; improved ST but increased incidence of late effects including rhinitis, fistula, osteomyelitis (high morbidity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What RT boost technique were recently published in dogs with nasal tumors when treated with IMRT with the goal of administering a higher dose and decreasing side effects and what was the outcome?

A

Boost technique: GTV receives a higher dose while maintaining same CTV

Ocular changes were negligible

33% developed VRTOG grade 3 mucositis

Late AE not evaluated

Median PFI and ST not reached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the MST in dogs with nasal tumors when treated with palliative RT?

What % of dogs have improvement of clinical signs?

Median duration of response?

A

MST 5 to 10months

65-100% improvement of CS

Duration of response: 4 to 10m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are some identified positive (2) and negative (5) prognostic factors in dogs with nasal tumors when tx with palliative RT?

A

Positive for complete resolution of CS:

  • Adams stage I dz
  • CS present for >90d

Negative PF:

  • CS present for <90 days prior to dx associated with higher risk of relapse
  • Adams stage IV dz - MST ~4.8m
  • Age of <10yrs
  • Non-dolichocephalic breeds
  • Dyspnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are some acute SE from definitive RT and how long do they take to resolve?

A

Oral mucositis, KCS, blepharitis, rhinitis, skin desquamation

Within 2-8 weeks after tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are some late SE from definitive RT?

When do they usually develop?

A

Cataracts, corneal keratitis, corneal atrophy, KCS, uveitis, retinal hemorrhage and degeneration, neuronal tissue SE (brain necrosis causing neuro changes or seizures, optic nerve degeneration), skin fibrosis.

Months to years after therapy; irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What arethe most common and clinically relevant late effects in dogs with nasal tumors treated with RT?

A

Ocular changes - usually occur 6 to 9 months after RT

KCS, cataract formation, blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What radiation tx modality has resulted in bilateral ocular sparing in dogs tx for nasal tumors? Any change in ST?

A

IMRT; same ST but less SE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Is there a difference in survival time between dogs with carcinoma and nasal sarcomas when treated with RT?

A

Not really, usually the same and many papers don’t demonstrate a survival difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the overall MST and PFS in dogs with nasal tumors when treated with SRT (3 papers)?

MST specifically for carcinoma, sarcoma, and OSA?

A

Overall MST 8.5- 19.5m
PFS 1yr

Carcinoma - 10.4m
Sarcoma - 10.7m
OSA - 3.1m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the overall response or clinical response rate in dogs with nasal tumors when treated with SRT?

A

95-100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What % of dogs with nasal tumors treated with SRT develop acute and late side effects?

What % of dogs are euthanized due to late AE?

A

Acute 23-32%
Late 17-40%; highest with SRS single fraction

7% mortality rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the 1 and 2 yr SR in dogs with nasal tumors treated with SRT?

A

1 yr - 70%

2 yr 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

In dogs with nasal tumors treated with SRS, what has been associated with increased acute AE?

A

GTV > 50cm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

When gemcitabine is used as a radiosensitizer in dogs and cats with nasosinal carcinoma that are treated with RT, what % requires dose reductions?

A

Cats 50%
Dogs 80%

Neutropenia or local acute tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Advantage of IMRT for nasal tumors?

A
  • Allows for an dose to tumor while sparing normal tissues
  • Reduced RT morbidity
  • Decreased dose delivered to eyes and late effects
  • Highly conformal compared to others
  • Could result in improved tumor control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What % of dogs with nasal tumors that are re-irradiated respond to therapy?

MST after 2nd RT course?

A

70-88%

MST 6m

Responde duration 80d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the ORR and MST in dogs with nasal tumors treated with cisplatin alone?

A

ORR 30% (1 CR)

MST 5 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

ORR, MST, and resolution of clinical signs in dogs with advanced nasal tumors when treated with doxorubicin, carboplatin, and piroxicam based on CT images?

A

75% ORR (4 CR, 2PR, 2 SD)

MST 7m

All experienced resolution of clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

When all treatments fail to control epistaxis, unilateral or bilateral carotid artery ligation can result in palliation of CS for ___ months or longer without damage to the brain.

A

3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What prognostic factors have been identified in dogs with nasal tumors (6)?

A 
Negative: 
>10yrs
epistaxis
duration of clinical signs (<90d)
stage/stage IV dz
metastasis
histologic type (anaplastic CA, undifferentiated CA, SCC)
failure to achieve resolution of CS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the overall MST in dogs with nasal sarcomas when treated with RT?

MST for OSA, CSA, FSA?

Does RT protocol impact survival?

A 
Overall 15m (444d)
OSA 21m (624d)
CSA 15m (463d)
FSA 13m (379d)
Undifferentiated 11m (344d)

Curative intent RT > palliative (21m vs 10m)
Daily fractionation > M, W, F (21m vs 12m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Nasosinal tumors in cats are malignant in ___% of cases.General behavior?

A

> 90%

Locally agressive and low metastatic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are the 1st and 2nd most common nasal tumor in cats?

A 
#1 lymphoma
#2 carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

When comparing histopathology and cytology samples from cats with nasosinal masses, what is the % of agreement between them?

Exception to this?

A

90% agreement

Lymphoma; can be hard to differentiate from lymphoid inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the MST of cats with non-lymphomatous nasal tumors when treated with RT?

A

~12m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What % of cats with nasal tumors have regional lymphadenopathy and metastasis to LN?

A

17% lymphadenopathy

0% mets

59
Q

In cats with nasal lymphoma, ___% are classified as immunoblastic.

___% are B-cell, ___% are T-cell, and ___% are mixed.

A

91% immunoblastic
40-70% B-cell
20-47% T-cell1
2% mix

60
Q

What % of cats with nasal lymphoma have systemic involvement at the time of death and therefore can fail local therapy?

61
Q

Overall MST in cats with nasal lymphoma when treated with multiple therapy modalities?

62
Q

MST and ORR of cats with nasal lymphoma when treated with chemo, RT alone vs RT + chemo?

A

Chemo alone - ORR 70-93%, MST 4 to 4.5m

RT alone - ORR 93%, MST 15m

RT + chemo - ORR 82%, MST 6m to 2.6yrs

63
Q

Positive (2) and negative (4) prognostic indicators in cats with nasal lymphoma?

A

Positive:

  • Achievement of CR - MST 1.5-2 yrs
  • RT dose >32 Gy - MST 2.5yr vs 6m

Negative:

  • Anemia
  • BW of <4 kg
  • RT dose <32 Gy
  • Cribriform plate lysis
64
Q

MST of cats with nasal lymphoma vs carcinoma w/o therapy?

A

LSA - 1m or <

CA - 100d

65
Q

What patients are at risk for development of benign osteocartilaginous tumors?

What are these composed of and where do they arise from?

A

Young px with active osteochondral ossification sites

Tumors that grow from the cartilaginous rings and are composed of cancellous bone capped by cartilage; they grow at the same speed as the rest of the skeleton

May reflect a malfunction of osteogenesis rather than true cancer and are benign

Young px also at risk of oncocytoma development

66
Q

Young patientsare at risk for developing what two benign tumors of the trachea and larynx?

A

Trachea - osteocartilaginous tumors

Larynx - oncocytomas

67
Q

Most common tracheal tumor in dogs and cats?

A

Dogs - osteochondroma

Cats - lymphoma and carcinoma (SCC, ACA)

68
Q

What are oncocytes?

A

Epithelial cellscharacterized by an excessive number of mitochondria, resulting in an abundant acidophilic and granular cytoplasm.

Can be benign or malignant

69
Q

What are rhabdomyomas?

A

Benign tumor of skeletal muscle

Can be large, minimally invasive, and do not metastasize

70
Q

How can rhabdomyomas be differentiated from oncocytomas?

A

Transmission electron microscopy and IHC

Appear the same with light microscopy

71
Q

What breed of dogs may be predisposed to developing laryngeal and tracheal tumors?

A

Arctic breeds; 27% were Alaskan malamutes or Siberian Huskies in one study

72
Q

Up to what % of the tracheal length and # of rings can be removed successfully? has been removed with successful closure?

A

50% of length experimentally

3-4 rings

73
Q

In a study of 27 cats with a variety of laryngeal and tracheal lesions, what was the MST and what % of cats was alive at 1 year?

74
Q

Most common malignant laryngeal tumor in dogs and cats?

A

Dogs - carcinoma

Cats - lymphoma

75
Q

Which laryngeal or tracheal tumor can commonly present with mineralization?

A

Canine osteochondroma

76
Q

Median DFI of feline B-cell tracheal lymphoma case report when treated with surgical excision and chemotherapy?

77
Q

Most common primary lung tumor in dogs and cats? Humans?

A

Dogs - bronchoalveolar carcinoma 85%

Cats - adenocarcinoma 60-70%

Humans - small cell carcinoma 25% and non-small cell 85%

78
Q

Pulmonary tumors most commonly originate from epithelium from which 2 locations?

A

Airway - near hilus/large airways

Alveolar parenchyma - near periphery

79
Q

Experimentally, lung cancer has been linked to what in dogs?

80
Q

What is the local and distant metastatic rate in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma?

A

Local - 70%

Distant - 25%

81
Q

What are the two most aggressive types of pulmonary carcinomas in dogs and what is their metastatic rate?

A

Anaplastic carcinoma >90%

SCC >50%

82
Q

What is the metastatic rate in cats with pulmonary carcinoma?

What % of cats develop LN, intrathoracic, and distant metastasis?

What % of cats with digital carcinoma have metastasis from a primary pulmonary carcinoma?

A

Overall 75%

LN 30%

Intrathoracic 30%

Extrathoracic 15%

88%

83
Q

What % of primary lung tumors in dogs are diagnosed incidentally on asymptomatic px?

84
Q

What isthe most common clinical signin dogs with primary lung tumors?

A

1 coughing; 50-90%

85
Q

What PNS can be seen in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma and what % of dogs have it?

A

Hypertrophic osteopathy - 4%

Radiographic signs: periosteal new bone formation; lameness can improve w/x for tumor removal

Pulmonary neoplasia is the most common cause of HO

86
Q

What is the most common clinical sign un cats with primary pulmonary carcinoma?

A

1 dyspnea; 25-65%

87
Q

What % of cats presenting fordigital carcinoma have a primary lung carcinoma?

Most common clinical sign in these cases?

How can you confirm pulmonary metastasis on a digital lesion?

A

88%

Lameness; they DONT usually present for respiratory signs

IHC with TTF-1 and the presence of ciliated epithelial cells (thyroid transcription factor 1)

88
Q

MST of cats with lung-digit syndrome? MST with digit amputation alone?

A

1 month

67d

Amputation not recommended as it can occur in other digits

89
Q

What % of cats with pulmonary carcinoma have pleural effusion and pulmonary thrombosis?

A

30% - pleural effusion

12% - pulmonary thrombosis

90
Q

Up to what % of dogs with pulmonary carcinoma have a single lung lobe affected vs multiple lobes?

A

55% single lung lobe

13-40% multiple lung lobes

91
Q

Clinical signs in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma do not appear until the tumor reaches what size?

92
Q

What % of cats with pulmonary carcinoma have bilateral dz in the lungs?

93
Q

Mineralization of the tumor can be seen in what % of dogs with pulmonary carcinoma undergoing a CT?

A

15%

uncommon in cats

94
Q

What is the accuracy of CT and thoracic xrays for determination of tracheobronchial lymph node abnormalities in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma?

A

CT 90%

X-rays 60%

95
Q

What % of dogs with solitary tumors on xrays have evidence of metastatic nodules on CT?

What % of metastatic lung nodules on CT are also noted on x-rays?

CT isable to detect pulmonary nodules down to approximately ___ in sizevs thoracic radiographs, which requiresa size of ___ for detection.

A

36%

9%

CT - 1mm

Xrays - 7 to 9mm

96
Q

FNA cytology results yield a diagnosis in what % of dogs and cats with pulmonary carcinoma?

A

Dogs - 40 to 90%

Cats - 80 to 100%

97
Q

What markers can be useful when trying to differentiate a poorly differentiated carcinoma of lung origin vs metastasis in dogs (3)?

A

TTF-1: absent in 35% of PCA, expressed in both PCA and TCA

Napsin-A: involved in surfactant production; expressed in 90% of PCA, 60% of TCA, and 60% of renal CA

Surfactant protein A (SP-A): MOST sensitive; expressed in 97% of PCA, in normal pulmonary epithelial cells and alveolar macs, but absent from ALL non-pulmonary tissue

Other common markers: cytokeratin, vimentin, CD 18

98
Q

What % of cats with lung carcinoma have evidence of metastatic nodules on CT?

99
Q

What are the surgical approaches for lung lobectomies?

What approach is required for removal of lesions in multiple lobes?

What approach is associated with higher morbidity?

A

Lateral (intercostal) thoracotomy and median sternotomy

Median sternotomy needed for multiple

Median sternotomy - more likely to have increased fluid production from chest tube, hypoxia, prolonged hospital stay

100
Q

In dogs and cats treated with pneumonectomy, what % survived to hospital discharge?

A

Dogs - 94%
Cats - 86%

Respiratory function was immediately acceptable post-op

101
Q

Hilar LN biopsy is easier to perform with what surgical apprach?

A

Lateral thoracotomy

102
Q

Standard of care chemotherapy drug used in the adjuvant or palliative setting in humans?

A

Cisplatin-based protocols

103
Q

What chemotherapy drugs have been used with limited success in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma?

A

Doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, vindesine, cisplatin, vinorelbine

104
Q

What chemotherapy drug, when given IV, is known to accumulate in the lungs at 300 times the concentration found in plasma?

A

Vinorelbine

105
Q

Vinorelbine ORR and median time to progression in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma??

A

9-19-28%

TTP 2m

106
Q

Response in 2 dogs with PCA tx with vindesine vs with vindesine + cisplatin>

A

Vindesine - minimal responses

Vindesine + cisplatin - >50% reduction in size in 2 dogs

107
Q

ORR for carbo and gemcitabine in dogs with PCA?

A

0%

13% for other carcinomas

108
Q

What is the TTP and MST in dogs with advanced pulmonary carcinoma when treated with sx vs metronomic chemotherapy with CTX, thalidomide and piroxicam vs no therapy?

A

Metronomic chemotherapy:
TTP 5.7m
MST 4.6m

Surgery:
TTP 3m
MST 3m

No therapy:
TTP 20d
MST 2m

Significantly longer TTP and MST with MC vs sx and MTD groups

109
Q

In a phase I label of solid tumors and palladia, 1 dog had stable dz for > than ___ weeks.

110
Q

What chemo drugs/other things have been used intracavitary for malignant pleural effusions in dogs with carcinomatosis, sarcomatosis, and mesothelioma? MST vs untreated dogs?

A

Cisplatin, carboplatin, mitoxantrone, talc

MST 11m vs 25d

111
Q

Prognostic factors in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma (8)?

A 
CS at diagnosis
Tumor size >100cm3
TNM stage (>T1N0M0)
LN involvement
Involvement of entire lung lobe
Gross dz post-operatively
Histologic type
Histologic grade
112
Q

Prognostic factors in cats with pulmonary carcinoma (8)?

A 
Clinical signs at diagnosis
TNM stage (>T1N0M0)
LN enlargement
Pulmonary metastasis
Histologic type
Histologic grade
Degree of differentiation
Pleural effusion
113
Q

MST in dogs treated with sx w/clinical signs at dx vs w/o?

A

w/o 18m
w/cs 8m
Also shorter DFI

114
Q

MST in dogs treated with sx that are free of macroscopic dz vs in those with macroscopic dz or a higher stage?

A

11m w/o gross dz

1m w/gross dz

115
Q

MST in dogs with T1, T2, T3, N0, and N1 pulmonary carcinoma when tx with surgery?

A 
T1 (solitary) - 26m
T2 (multiple) - 7m
T3 (invasive into adjacent tissue) - 3m
N0 - 15m
N1 - 1 to 4m
116
Q

MST in dogs with pulmonary ACA vs SCC vs papillary adenocarcinoma when treated with sx?

A

Papillary - 18.5m
ACA - 19m
SCC - 8m
All other tumor types 2.4m

117
Q

MST of well, moderately, and poorly differentiated PCA in dogs tx with sx?

A

Well - 26m (grade I)
Moderately - 8.3 (grade II)
Poorly - 5d (grade III)

118
Q

What are the most common laboratory abnormalities in dogs withCPLG (2)?

A

Basophilia and leukocytosis

119
Q

What are the most common chest xray findingsin dogs withCPLG (3)?

A

Lung lobe consolidation
Large pulmonary granulomas
Tracheobronchial LN enlargement

120
Q

How is a definitive diagnosis obtained in px with CPLG?

A

Biopsy; FNA/cytology unrewarding

121
Q

What are some histopathologic characteristics of CPLG?

A

Angiocentric and angiodestructive infiltration of the pulmonary parenchyma by large lymphoreticular and plasmacytoid cells, in addition to normal-appearing lymphocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cellsThe infiltrate is typically centered around small to medium arteries and veins

122
Q

Of 5 dogs with CPLG treated with a COP-based protocol, what was the outcome?

A

60% had a CR, rest progressed

CR dogs alive at 7, 12, and 32 months

PD dogs had either worsening of CS or progressed to lymphoid leukemia within 2 months

123
Q

Breeds predisposed to develop pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma?

A

Pembrook Welsh Corgis, Min Schnauzers

124
Q

What % of dogs with localized HS have the pulmonary form?

125
Q

What is the overall PFI and MST of dogs with pulmonary HS?

A

PFS 7m

MST 4.5-8m

126
Q

What is the PFS and MST of dogs with pulmonary HS treated with CCNU chemo alone?

A

PFS 3m

MST 4m

127
Q

What is the PFS and MST of dog with pulmonary HS treated with surgery and CCNU?

A

PFS 9m

MST 12.5m

128
Q

What prognostic factors in dogs with pulmonary HS negatively affect PFI and MST?

A

Clinical signs - PFS only
Intrathoracic mets - PFS & MST
Lack of sx

129
Q

ORR of dogs with pulmonary HS to chemotherapy?

130
Q

Palladia clinical benefit in dogs with nasal carcinoma?

131
Q

What is the MST in dogs with intermediate to high grade nasal LSA when treated with RT and chemo vs chemo alone? Overall? Most common immunophenotype?

A

Overall 12.5m
RT + chemo - 15m
chemo alone - 5m
B-cell

MST between groups not statistically significant

132
Q

MST in dogs with low grade nasal LSA when treated with RT and chemo?

133
Q

MST of dogs with nasal MCT when treated with RT and chemotherapy?

134
Q

What is the MST in dogs with pulmonary Ca with no therapy?

135
Q

MST in cats with pulmonary carcinoma when treated with sx?

136
Q

MST of cats with PCA treated with sx with or w/o clinical signs?

A

W/o 19m
W/cs 4d

Especially dyspnea*

137
Q

MST of cats with PCA w/o vs w/pleural effusion?

A

W/o 16m

With 2d

138
Q

MST of cats with PCA with vs w/o LN enlargement?

A

LN enlargement 2m

W/o 17m

139
Q

MST of cats with PCA with pulmonary metastasis vs w/o?

A

Mets 3m

No mets 11

140
Q

MST of cats with PCA with T1N0M0 vs any other stage?

A

T1N0M0 6m

Any other 3d

141
Q

MST of cats with ACA vs cystic ACA vs minimally invasive ACA?

A

ACA - 3m
Cystic ACA - 4m
Minimally invasive ACA - not reached

142
Q

Metastatic rate of pulmonary HS in dogs?

A

46% intrathoracic
16% pulmonary
Other locations: LN, kidneys, liver, CNS

143
Q

What % of cats with primary lung tumor tx with surgery die from metastatic dz?

144
Q

MST of cats with well, moderately, and poorly differentiated PCA?

A

Well- 68d
Moderately- 3d
Poorly- 6d

Withrow (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions