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ABT Test COPY for AeJ > Chapter 23 - Toxicology of Plants > Flashcards

Chapter 23 - Toxicology of Plants Flashcards

1
Q

In Rhus radicans (poison ivy), the contact allergen is…

A. Urushiol

B. Capsaicin

C. Usnic acid

D. Ergot

A

A. Urushiol

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2
Q

The most common event that usually occurs from ingestion of a toxic plant is…

A. Asthma

B. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

C. Skin rash

D. Mental confusion

A

B. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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3
Q

Saint Anthony’s fire is due to the ingestion of…

A. Mushrooms

B. Ricin

C. Ergot alkaloids

D. Wisteria

A

C. Ergot alkaloids

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4
Q

A toxin that increases the cough reflex is…

A. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

B. Brucine

C. Caulophylline

D. Capsaicin

A

D. Capsaicin

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5
Q

A toxin produced by the poppy plant that intercalates DNA is…

A. Ptaquiloside

B. Sanguinarine

C. Silymarin

D. Ochratoxin A

A

B. Sanguinarine

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6
Q

The false morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta has been asso w/ …

A. Leukemia

B. Gangrene

C. Hepatitis

D. Increased cardiac contractions

A

C. Hepatitis

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7
Q

The mechanism of action of ricin is…

A. Inhibition of protein synthesis

B. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation

C. Increasing intracellular calcium

D. Activation of protooncogenes

A

A. Inhibition of protein synthesis

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8
Q

Mad honey poisoning is due to…

A. Grayanotoxin

B. Convallatoxin

C. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

D. 4-ipomeanol

A

A. Grayanotoxin

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9
Q

Cascara sagrada has medicinal use as…

A. An antidepressant

B. A laxative

C. A phytoestrogen

D. An antidiarrheal

A

B. A laxative

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10
Q

The alkaloids in Symphytum cause a human condition that resembles…

A. Pott’s disease

B. TSS

C. Addison’s disease

D. Budd-Chiari syndrome

A

D. Budd-Chiari syndrome

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11
Q

In cattle, ingestion of Lantana camara (Verbenacea) causes…

A. Cholestasis

B. Abortions

C. Abnormal behavior

D. Renal failure

A

A. Cholestasis

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12
Q

Veratrum alkaloids cause…

A. Hepatitis

B. Bradycardia

C. Bladder tumors

D. Lung fibrosis

A

B. Bradycardia

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13
Q

Squill and lily of the valley contain…

A. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

B. Teratogens

C. Cardiac glycosides

D. Inner ear toxins

A

C. Cardiac glycosides

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14
Q

American mistletoe contains…

A. Jervine

B. Phoratoxin

C. Abrin-a

D. Aconitine

A

B. Phoratoxin

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15
Q

Datura species of houseplant contains…

A. Strychnine

B. Muscarinic agents

C. Anticholinergic agents

D. Sympathomimetic agents

A

C. Anticholinergic agents

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16
Q

A toxic ingredient in locoweed is…

A. Atropine

B. Domoic acid

C. Ibotenic acid

D. Swainsonine

A

D. Swainsonine

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17
Q

All of the following are excitatory amino acids except…

A. Jervine

B. Domoic acid

C. Ibotenic acid

D. Willardine

A

A. Jervine

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18
Q

Seizures have been asso w/ all of the following except…

A. Parsley family of plants

B. Spurge family of plants

C. Mint family of plants

D. Species of Strychnos

A

B. Spurge family of plants

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19
Q

Dicumarol is a fungal metabolite that causes…

A. Arrhythmias

B. Seizures

C. Hallucinations

D. Bleeding

A

D. Bleeding

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20
Q

Lysergic acid derivatives are produced by…

A. Amantia mushrooms

B. Gyromitra mushrooms

C. Fusarium fungus

D. Acremonium fungus

A

D. Acremonium fungus

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21
Q

Ochratoxin is a/an…

A. Positive ionotropic agent

B. immunosuppressant

C. Lung toxin

D. Cholinergic agent

A

B. immunosuppressant

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22
Q

Linamarin is a/an…

A. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid

B. Cardioactive glycoside

C. Cyanogenic glucoside

D. Fungal metabolite

A

C. Cyanogenic glucoside

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23
Q

Motor neuron demyelination results from ingestion of…

A. Cassava

B. Strychnos genus

C. Linamarin

D. Anthracenones

A

D. Anthracenones

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24
Q

All of the following contain anticholinergic alkaloids except…

A. Henbane

B. Oleander

C. Deadly nightshade

D. Jimsonweed

A

B. Oleander

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25
Q

Aconitine causes toxicity by….

A. Stimulating GABA receptors

B. Opening Ca channels

C. Prolonging sodium current in cardiac muscle

D. Inhibiting glycine receptors

A

C. Prolonging sodium current in cardiac muscle

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26
Q

Taxol is present in…

A. Autumn crocus

B. Western yew

C. Glory lily

D. May apple

A

B. Western yew

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27
Q

A toxin present in potatoes and tomatoes is…

A. Cholchicine

B. Vinblastine

C. Solanine

D. Podophyllotoxin

A

C. Solanine

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28
Q

Abrin mechanistically most resembles…

A. Ricin

B. Linamarin

C. Caulophylline

D. Scopolamine

A

A. Ricin

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29
Q

Methyllycaconitine mechanistically most resembles…

A. Physostigmine

B. Digitalis

C. Atropine

D. Curare

A

D. Curare

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30
Q

Monomethylhydrazine is found in…

A. Algae

B. Lichens

C. Ferns

D. Mushrooms

A

D. Mushrooms

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31
Q

Psilocybin is known to mostly affect which brain receptor?

A. Norepinephrine

B. Dopamine

C. GABA

D. Serotonin

A

D. Serotonin

32
Q

Rhubarb, mother-in-law’s tongue and philodendron all contain…

A. Oxalate

B. Cyanide

C. Nicotine

D. Atropine

A

A. Oxalate

33
Q

Microcystin’s mechanism of action may be…

A. Biliary stasis

B. Portal vein thrombosis

C. Destruction of liver cytoskeleton

D. T-cell mediated

A

C. Destruction of liver cytoskeleton

34
Q

Uncooked wild nontoxic mushrooms can be toxic to…

A. Adults

B. Children

C. Diabetics

D. Asthmatics

A

B. Children

35
Q

The least common toxicity from plant ingestion is…

A. Hepatic toxicity

B. Pancreatic toxicity

C. Cardiac toxicity

D. Dermatitis

A

B. Pancreatic toxicity

36
Q

All of the following are made by plants except…

A. Opiates

B. Cocaine

C. Benzodiazepines

D. Hallucinogens

A

C. Benzodiazepines

37
Q

Which of the following chemical classes is least likely to be a plant toxin?

A. Alcohols

B. alkaloids

C. Gylcosides

D. Hydrocarbons

A

D. Hydrocarbons

38
Q

Ingestion of daffodil bulbs would first produce…

A. Gastrointestinal symptoms

B. Cardiac symptoms

C. Neurologic symptoms

D. Photosensitivity

A

A. Gastrointestinal symptoms

39
Q

Dumbcane contains oxalate which acts as a…

A. Neurotoxin

B. Cardiac toxin

C. Hematologic toxin

D. Mucus membrane contact irritant

A

D. Mucus membrane contact irritant

40
Q

Physostigmine would be considered as an antidote for ingestion of…

A. Vrocus

B. Water hemlock

C. Angel’s trumpet

D. Locoweed

A

C. Angel’s trumpet

41
Q

Ergovaline inhibits…

A. Insulin release

B. Prolactin release

C. Vasopressin release

D. Aldosterone release

A

B. Prolactin release

42
Q

An abortifacient present in tropical legimes is…

A. Mimosine

B. Anagyrine

C. Thermopsine

D. Jervine

A

A. Mimosine

43
Q

Which of the following findings would be least likely to be found as a primary disease in a person who ingested Amantia?

A. Liver pathology

B. Brain pathology

C. Kidney pathology

D. Intestinal pathology

A

B. Brain pathology

44
Q

All of the following are manifestations of belladonna alkaloid poisoning except…

A. Dry mouth

B. Dilated pupils

C. Hallucinations

D. Bronchospasm

A

D. Bronchospasm

45
Q

Cattle consuming Solanum malacoxylon (Solanocene) develop a disease similar to…

A. Parkinson’s disease

B. Addison’s disease

C. Vitamin D intoxication

D. SIADH

A

C. Vitamin D intoxication

46
Q

The mechanism of action of podophyllotoxin is similar to…

A. Ricin

B. Rotenone

C. Cholchicine

D. Oubain

A

C. Cholchicine

47
Q

Ricin comes from…

A. Lily of the valley

B. Castor bean plant

C. Oleander

D. Wisteria

A

B. Castor bean plant

48
Q

All of the following produce alkaloids that affect the heart except…

A. European hellebore

B. Monkshood

C. Petunia

D. Rhododendron

A

C. Petunia

49
Q

Saint Anthony’s fire is produced by…

A. Arsenic

B. Clavicepts purpurea

C. False morel mushrooms

D. Lantana camara

A

B. Clavicepts purpurea

50
Q

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are asso w/ …

A. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease

B. Hallucinations

C. Renal failure

D. All of the above

A

A. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease

51
Q

All of the following contribute to the variability in toxin produced by a plant except…

A. Varying toxin concentration in different parts of the plant

B. Age of the plant

C. Climate and soil

D. Type of local herbivore

A

D. Type of local herbivore

52
Q

A cross sensitivity between individuals allergic to latex gloves and some plant components is known as…

A. Latex-root syndrome

B. Latex-leaf syndrome

C. Latex-fruit syndrome

D. Latex-seed syndrome

A

C. Latex-fruit syndrome

53
Q

A potential human hepatotoxin produced by lichens is…

A. Domoic acid

B. Usnic acid

C. Butyric acid

D. Carbolic acid

A

B. Usnic acid

54
Q

Saint John’s wort can cause which of the following in sheep?

A. Photosensitivity

B. Infertility

C. Renal failure

D. Abnormal behavior

A

A. Photosensitivity

55
Q

4-ipomeanol causes which type of toxicity in animals?

A. Liver and pancreatic

B. Lung and renal

C. Heart and muscle

D. Neurologic

A

B. Lung and renal

56
Q

Most fatal mushroom poisoning occurs from all of the following except…

A. Amantia

B. Gyromitra

C. Galerina

D. Lepiota

A

B. Gyromitra

57
Q

Alpha-amanitian…

A. Is respinsible for the diarrhea seen in death cap poisoning

B. Is poorly absorbed orally

C. Is a potent inhibitor of hepatic protein synthesis

D. None of the above

A

C. Is a potent inhibitor of hepatic protein synthesis

58
Q

Aflatoxins are dangerous to humans because they…

A. Are present in wet basements

B. Cause pneumonia in AIDS patients

C. Are asso w/ nasal carcinoma

D. None of the above

A

D. None of the above

59
Q

Which of the following plants is carcinogenic?

A. American hellebore

B. Bracken fern

C. Buttercup

D. Tung nut

A

B. Bracken fern

60
Q

All of the following are true of grayanotoxins except…

A. They are present in rhododendrons

B. They contaminate honey

C. They cause bradycardia

D. They block the neuromuscular junction

A

D. They block the neuromuscular junction

61
Q

Plant molecules that react as bases and usually contain nitrogen in a heterocyclic structure are known as…

A. Alkaloids

B. Terpenes

C. Resins

D. Glycoside

A

A. Alkaloids

62
Q

Plant molecules that are created from isoprene units with varying functional groups are known as…

A. Terpenes

B. Amines

C. Alkaloids

D. Phenols

A

A. Terpenes

63
Q

Plant molecules that are hydrolyzed to a sugar and a nonsugar moiety are known as…

A. Glycosides

B. alkaloids

C. Resins

D. Terpene

A

A. Glycosides

64
Q

Toxic minerals that may accumulate in plants include all of the following except…

A. Cadmium

B. Magnesium

C. Copper

D. Selenium

A

B. Magnesium

65
Q

Brassica oleracea (kale) contains…

A. Cardiac glycosides

B. Cyanogenic glycosides

C. Goiterogenic glycosides

D. Steroid glycosides

A

C. Goiterogenic glycosides

66
Q

A plant toxin that can be highly transmitted through milk is…

A. Oxalate

B. cyanide

C. Nitrate

D. Tremetol

A

D. Tremetol

67
Q

An antidote is available for the toxin present in…

A. Azalea

B. Pigweed

C. Veratrum

D. Apple seeds

A

D. Apple seeds

68
Q

Which of the following plant toxins is classified as an alcohol?

A. Nicotine

B. Ranunculus

C. Dogbane

D. Tremetol

A

D. Tremetol

69
Q

Amygdalin is found in the highest amounts in the seeds of…

A. Bitter almond

B. Tomato

C. Pear

D. Plum

A

A. Bitter almond

70
Q

Strychnine blocks…

A. Glycine-gated Cl channels

B. Glutamate receptors

C. GABA receptors

D. Voltage-gated Na channels

A

A. Glycine-gated Cl channels

71
Q

The toxin found in species of Capsicum has been shown to be useful in the therapy of…

A. Skin cancer

B. Depression

C. Chronic pain

D. Decubitus ulcers

A

C. Chronic pain

72
Q

All of the following are true of curare except…

A. It was a South American arrow poison

B. It is a neuromuscular blocking agent

C. It can be used clinically

D. It is a CNS toxin

A

D. It is a CNS toxin

73
Q

Swainsonine…

A. Is present in vinca species

B. Is a glycoprotein

C. Causes abortions in livestock

D. None of the above

A

C. Causes abortions in livestock

74
Q

The veratrum and lupine alkaloids are…

A. Teratogenic

B. Components of marketed pharmaceuticals

C. Used as insecticides

D. Poisons that Socrates drank

A

A. Teratogenic

75
Q

Euphorbia marginata (snow-on-the-mountain) causes contact dermatitis by excreting…

A. Phenols

B. Benzaldehyde

C. Fatty acids

D. Latex

A

D. Latex

ABT Test COPY for AeJ (32 decks)

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