Chapter 23 Terms Flashcards
What is the cubist movement?
An art movement characterized by fragmented objects and multiple perspectives.
Originated in the early 20th century, with notable artists including Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
Who was Benito Mussolini?
An Italian politician and leader of the National Fascist Party.
He ruled Italy as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943.
Define fascism.
A political ideology that emphasizes authoritarian nationalism and the supremacy of the state.
Often associated with dictatorial power and the suppression of opposition.
What is syndicalism?
A political and economic ideology that advocates for direct action by workers through trade unions.
It seeks to abolish capitalism and establish a socialist society.
Who was Porfirio Diaz?
A Mexican general and politician who served as President of Mexico for multiple terms.
His rule, known as the Porfiriato, lasted from 1876 to 1911.
Who was Francisco Madero?
A Mexican revolutionary leader who opposed Porfirio Diaz and became President of Mexico.
His presidency lasted from 1911 until his assassination in 1913.
Who was Pancho Villa?
A Mexican revolutionary general and folk hero known for his leadership in the Mexican Revolution.
He was a key figure in the fight against the Díaz regime.
Who was Emiliano Zapata?
A leading figure in the Mexican Revolution who advocated for agrarian reform.
His slogan was ‘Land and Liberty.’
Who was Victoriano Huerta?
A Mexican general who seized power in a coup against Francisco Madero in 1913.
He served as President until his ousting in 1914.
Who was Alvaro Obregon?
A Mexican revolutionary general who became President after the Mexican Revolution.
He served from 1920 to 1924 and is known for his agrarian reforms.
What is the Mexican Constitution of 1917?
A document that established a constitutional republic in Mexico and included social rights.
It addressed land reform, labor rights, and education.
Who were Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco?
Mexican muralists known for their political and social themes in art.
They played a significant role in the Mexican muralism movement.
What were the Cristeros?
A group of Mexican Catholics who rebelled against anti-Catholic government policies in the 1920s.
The conflict is known as the Cristero War.
Who was Alexander Kerensky?
A Russian lawyer and key political figure in the early stages of the Russian Revolution.
He served as the head of the Provisional Government in 1917.
What was the Red Army?
The military force of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War.
It was established to defend the revolution against anti-Bolshevik forces.
What is the New Economic Policy (NEP)?
A policy introduced by Lenin in 1921 to revive the Soviet economy after the Civil War.
It reintroduced limited market mechanisms and private ownership.
What does U.S.S.R. stand for?
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
It was a federal socialist state in Eastern Europe and northern Asia from 1922 to 1991.
What is the Supreme Soviet?
The highest legislative body in the U.S.S.R.
It played a formal role in governing the Soviet Union.
Who was Joseph Stalin?
A Soviet political leader who succeeded Lenin and ruled from the mid-1920s until 1953.
He is known for his totalitarian regime and industrialization policies.
What is the Comintern?
The Communist International, an organization aimed at encouraging worldwide communism.
It was founded in 1919 and dissolved in 1943.
Define collectivization.
The policy of consolidating individual landholdings into collective farms.
It was implemented in the Soviet Union to increase agricultural productivity.
Who was Yuan Shikai?
A Chinese military and political leader who attempted to establish himself as emperor in the 1910s.
He played a significant role in the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
What was the May Fourth Movement?
A cultural and political movement in China that emerged in 1919, advocating for modernization and reform.
It was a response to the Treaty of Versailles.
Who was Li Dazhao?
A Chinese intellectual and one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party.
He played a key role in promoting Marxist ideas in China.
