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BI 242 > Chapter 23 - Stomach > Flashcards

Chapter 23 - Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four parts of the stomach?

A

fundus, cardia, body, and pylorus

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2
Q

how many sphincters are in the stomach?

A

two; cardiac and pyloric

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3
Q

separates esophagus from stomach

A

cardiac sphincter

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4
Q

separates stomach from duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

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5
Q

convex lateral surface

A

greater curvature

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6
Q

convex medial surface

A

lesser curvature

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7
Q

folded visceral peritoneum

A

omenta

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8
Q

another name for visceral fat deposition

A

omentum

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9
Q

79th organ

A

mesentery

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10
Q

attaches abdominal organs at the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentery

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11
Q

two areas of folded visceral peritoneum

A

mesentery and omenta

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12
Q

potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum

A

peritoneal cavity

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13
Q

potential space behind parietal peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal cavity

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14
Q

organs of the retroperitoneal cavity

A

kidneys, ureter, pancreas, aorta, inferior vena cava

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15
Q

potential space under parietal peritoneum

A

subperitoneal cavity

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16
Q

organs of the subperitoneal cavity

A

prostate, bladder, uterus

17
Q

four layers of the stomach

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscle, serosa

18
Q

what type of cells make up the surface epithelium of stomach?

A

simple columnar epithelium

19
Q

what does the surface epithelium fold to form?

A

gastric pits

20
Q

entrances to gastric glands

A

gastric pits

21
Q

cell that secretes alkaline, viscous liquid protecting stomach (most top of pit)

A

mucous cells

22
Q

what do parietal cells make?

A

HCL (hydrochloric acid)

23
Q

what helps make gastric acid within the epithelium?

A

carbon dioxide

24
Q

make pepsinogen (protein) and gastric lipase (fat)

A

chief cells

25
Q

what does pepsin digest?

A

proteins

26
Q

regulate acid secretion

A

g cells

27
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

gastrin

28
Q

where are g cells mainly located?

A

pylorus

29
Q

what does pepsinogen that HCL activates become?

A

active pepsin (digest protein)

30
Q

what is the first organ to digest protein and fat?

A

stomach

31
Q

digest proteins into smaller polypeptides

A

pepsin

32
Q

physical functions of pepsin

A

mechanical breakdown and deliver chyme to small intestine

33
Q

chemical function of pepsin

A

enzymatic digestion of proteins and fats

34
Q

parasympathetic nerve that sends impulses to the stomach

A

vagus nerve

35
Q

hormone that regulates gastric secretions

A

gastrin

36
Q

main reason for gastritis

A

helicobacter pylori

37
Q

opening of pancreatic and bile duct into duodenum

A

major duodenal papilla

38
Q
A

BI 242 (8 decks)

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